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nes Oya mae : : pietth eke atetelercbed hes Lean Sel ~t Taenaatae ts eh wrimnengeybeacponehen aches ae % ms errata WN eaeeian m = & : 4 " a Seay ences 3 eke 2 oo = Mictsheacnereneneiond nelenene y
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Bren an aetns Mek ayers
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A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE GENUS EUCALYPTUS
J. H. MAIDEN
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney). as
VoL. IL. \i8058s PARTS. b= 20: |
(WITH Ad PLATES.
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE. OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
Spones ; WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER.
771 1914.
Pe Ori ricAbehEVISION OF THE
GENUS #t UCALYPIUS
BY
J. H. MAIDEN
(Government Boianist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Svdney)
We, JUL PARES 11 —=22O.
(WITH 40 PLATES.)
“ Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter, or to reject. Every generation enjoys the wse of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by antiquity, and transmits that hoard. augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages. In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and, even when they fail, are entitled to praise.’
Macautay’s “Essay ON MILTON.”
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
Svpnev :
WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP-STREET.
*771—A ; ; 1914.
* ‘ ~ 0 19/6 }
[The names of Synonyms or Plants incidentally mentioned are in tfalies,
INDEX.
The page
containing the description is printed in heavier type. ]
PAGE,
An Tronbark Box... 38 Andropogon citratus 69 Anthers with terminal spores 83 Apple, Bastard 279 Black cox = 19
Box 11, 122, 123, 278
Gum 74
Jack 278 Mountain ... 276
Red ie 19
Ash, Black Mountain 85 Mountain «+80; 253 White 77 White Top ieoahiaie 77 Baker, R. T. 7 Bargargro 83 Barremma 105 Bastard Apple 279 Blue Gum Ben 271
IBO Xara eae 2 OW. O' 114, 123, 124, 267, 277 Tronbark ...85, 101
Bell Gum .. 196 Barryetare : 121 Beyeria cyanescens Benth, me ab Bibble 102, 116 Bimbil 113, 116 Bimble Box 124 Black Apple a3 ue am 19 Box ee 10, 19, 21, 65, 101, 122 Tronbark ... 66, 83, 105 Mallee 30, 31, 33, 47 Mountain Ash 85
Blackbutt Black-heart Gum Blue Box ...
Bush
Gum...
Mallee Boobyinda Bogan River Box Boorrayero Boorrayero-Gourroo Bosisto, Joseph ... Box 900
Apple
PAGE,
77, 167, 189, 304
we 53
24, 124
AA Chie at ee a eme: 8P 90, 92, 196, 246, 259, 267, 298 42
66
ii)
id 912
121, 137
pea)
279
1, 122, 123, 278
Bastard 2, 6, 8, 114, 123, 124, 267, 277 Bimble ee ste we) = «124 Black 10, 19, 21, 65, 101, 122 Blue... 24, 124 Bogan River 11 Brown ji aE DS Brush ...16, 118 Cabbage 122, 278 Coolibah 12 Drooping 10 Dwarf BO 52 Flooded ee lORDS Forest 16 Fuzzy ; 193, 125 Grey 1, 3; 10, 16, 11, 22, 35, 109, 118, 123, 267 Gum bie 35 Gum-top sed LOGE 1sbUble op a 255 = eS Tronbark 1, 27, 101; 106 Large-leaved mM 21 Mallee <« 30, 30 Mountain +. 16; 19
iv INDEX. PAGE.
Box, Narrow-leaved 11, 35, 36 | Easip 5 Narrow-leaf Red 114 | Egg-in-ege- Narrow-leaf White 2s 19 | Eucalyptus Poplar-leaved the 116, 120 Red scr. Oo. Lae MOS NS River : or ... 10; 36 Round Shining Leaf 118 Silver 24 Silver-leaved 74 Spotted 93 Stinking 3 ths Swamp .». 10; 52 Swamp White 10 Weeping ts ae ae as 73 White 3, 11, 16, 19, 22, 114, 118, 124 Yellow 2,115, 123, 138
Box-tree ... ss a bee Box-tree of the Mackenzie River Broad-leaved Ironbark ... Broad-leaved Peppermint Brown Box
Mallee Brush Box Burrawang Bwuraywi ...
Cabbage Box
Caley, Geo.
Cleland, A. F.
Cléez, Prof.
Coolabah ...
Coolibah ...
Coolibah Box a Cryptic description of a species Curly Mallee
Curra Curra
Darjan Dead Finish Den
Dern
Descriptions of species by the older authors ...
Desert Gum or Mallee Drooping Box Dwarf Box
Mallee
White Gum
15
586 71 66, 72, 95 279
123
45
16, 118 257
e577 ...23, 109 ...23, 109
PAGE. cup buds 5, 25, 103, 130, 165, 174, 225, 286
acacioides A. Cunn. 45, 47, 49 acmenioides Schauer ...68; Lb9 affinis Deane and Maiden ... ...96, 101 alba Reinw. ... 161, 205 albens DC, ee iG albens Miq. ... ...20, LOL alpina Lindl. : 255 amygdalina Labill. ... 8, 9, 178, 287 amygdalina Schauer 40 angustifolia Turcz. ... sep, Al) angustifolia Woells ... ... 63, 64 angustissima F.y.M. . 130, 220, 285 annulata Benth. 3 204 apiculata Baker and Smith 178, 287 Baueriana Miq. 120
Baueriana Schauer 109, 111, 116, 120 var. conica Maiden 111, 119, 128, 142 Bauerlenii F.v.M. as 78 Behriana F.v.M. ‘17, 19, 37, 41 var. purpurascens F.v.M, 30, 31
we Oy, U7 19) 36s89sbe 54, 68, 108, 126, 140
bicolor A. Cunn.
vac. parviflora F.v.M. 9 bicolor Duff ... ae oon eS bicolor Woolls sae 2, 7 Boormani Deane and Maiden 5
Bosistoana F.v.M. 1, 16, 38, 39, 94, 188
brachyandra F.v.M.... a0 62 - brachypoda Turcz. ... 51, 53, 67 brevifolia F.v.M. 51
... 195, 306, 307 ... 211, 214, 296
buprestium F.v.M
caesia Benth.
cajuputea F.v.M. .. 27, 34 Caleyi Maiden 14, 90, 91, 95, 103 calcicultriz F.v.M. ... 29 calophylla R.Br. ni 232 calophylla R.Br. (Seedling depicted as EH. marginata through inadvertence) 133
...48, 49, 50, 104 42, 49, 190 47, 108, 148 286 Thozetiana Maiden 48 Cambaget Deane and Maiden 255, 268, 275 Campaspe S. le M. Moore 202, 208, 209 214, 222
calycogona Turez. var. celastroides Maiden gracilis Maiden ...
INDEX. Ss;
decurva F.v.M. 147, 172, 175, 180, 185 186,191, 197
delegatensis R. T. Baker... a 290 desertorum Naudin .:. hc s. 145 diptera Andrews _ ... ... 202, 204, 206 diversicolor F.v.M.... 298, 302, 303, 305 diversifolia Bonpl. ... aa ae 226 diversifolia Miq. ... a me | 6200 doratoxylon F.v.M.... ... 194, 195, 197
drepanophylla F.v.M. 1, 67, 71, 102, 156, 159, 300
drepanophylla F.vy.M. not Benth. (a
correction) ... ie 67 Drummondii Benth. 223 dumosa A, Cunn. ee 127
var. rhodophloia Benth. 218 elaeophora F.v.M. 267, 271, 275, 292 erythrocalyx Oldfield & Mueller 230, 251 erythrocorys F.v.M. ... 232
296
erythronema Turcz. ...
PAGE. PAGE.
Eucalyptus capitellata Sm. 6c a 153, 269 | Eucalyptus eximia Schauer... RR 500 celastroides Turcz. ... ae ... 42, 49 faleata Turez. 147, 154, 175, 179, 186, cinerea F.v.M. =e ne «.- 18, 283 192, 197, 201 cladocalyx F.v.M. 94, 148, 194, 263 var. ecostata Maiden ... 175, 180 Clelandi Maiden... vk oe 189 fasciculosa F.v.M. ... ... 104, 108, 140 Cloeziana F.v.M. ... .«. 195/81, 156 jicifolia F.v.M. on Ms o00 | ABW cneorifolia DC. ... 127; 168, 287 Fletchert R. T. Baker ate TLS weal coerulescens Naudin a ee 136 foecunda Schau. 37, 40, 43, 166, 169, 176, colossea F.v.M. see aes ee 299 185, 195, 215 concolor Schauer 152,158, 175, 181, 191 Forrestiana Diels... Bee, ae 90 conica Deane and Maiden ... coo. 2B} fruticetorum F.v.M.... an 40, 47, 49 conoidea Benth. ... ode me 200m gamophylla F.v.M. ... =r a 75 cordata Labill. ... 241, 263, 282, 296 gigantea Dehnh. ... aes eee 200 cordata Miq. ... ome sii eee 250 gigantea Hk. f. ... see ono DE cornuta Labill. ee ... 166, 176, 305 Gilli Maiden a EL: 168, 177 var. annulata F.v.M. moe 204 glauca DC. ... ES si coo ai) corrugata Lueh. ... ... 188, 198, 209 globulus Labill. 248, 249, 259, 269, 271, corymbosa Sm. Ss a 222, 263 281, 296, 302 corynocalyx F.v.M. ... ib 148, 308 var. coronifera F.v.M. .. 250 cosmophylla F.v.M. 88, 226, 236, 245, 284, gneorifolia G. Don. ... 006 eels 296 gomphocephala DC. ... 608 e260
crebra F.v.M. 18, 62, 63, 64, 70, 73, 104, goniantha Turez. 155, 181, 188, 191, 199 108, 119, 156, 158 200, 302
var. citrata B.v.M. ... Bo 70 var. Clelandi Maiden ... son + 1S) Dawsoni R. T. Easer vee LOOM T, 115 goniocalyx F.v.M. 257, 260, 267, 274 dealbata A. Cunn. 20, 24, 268, 275 280, 292 decipiens Endl. 130, 148, 149, 153, 155, var. acuminata Benth. Boo AUS) 174, 182, 309 mitens Deane & Maiden... 273
var. angustifolia Endl. my 6D pallens Benth... 268, 275 var. latifolia Endl. ... me 149 gracilipes Naudin. ... ve ... 89, 90
gracilis F.v.M. 40, 43, 48, 49, 104, 108 148, 168, 173, 285, 286
var. Thozetiana F.v.M. wh 48 gracilis Sieb. non F.v.M. ... ... 63, 64 Griffiths Maiden ... 188, 207, 208 grossa F.y.M. 550 “er 202, 210 Guilfoylei Maiden ... “is 300, 301 Gunn Hk. f. Ps We 281, 284
var. acervula Deaneand Maiden 120 hemastoma DC. non Sm. ... ... 63, 64 hemastoma Miq. ... nee Pets) hemastoma Sm. ... Soa a wono Gy 288}
var. micrantha Benth. 64, 67, 220 hematostoma Smith... soo, hemiphlo:a F.v.M. 1, 3, 4, 11, 12, 14, 32,
36, 93, 101, 118, 126, 161, 291
var. albeas: F.vy.M. 14, 20, 98, 94,
101, 103, 109 microszrpa Maiden 12, 14, 125
wi BSCE Eucalyptus hemiphloia F.v.M. (continued) PAGE. PAGE. , var. parviflora Maiden Ges 17 Eucalyptus Maideni F.v.M. 252, 255, 256, 271, 281
purpurascens, Maiden... 30, 31 marginata Sm. ... 166, 299, 307
Howittiana F.v.M. aes we 62 var. Staerii Maiden... Pee ROOM hypericifolia Dum-Cours ... nop 14S) marginata Sm. (Seedling) ... me plod hypericifolia Link ... ie soa 18) Mazeliana Naudin ... e ane 76 inerassata Lab. 91, 107, 127, 146, 181, megacarpa F.v.M. 232, 244, 245, 246, 186, 194, 199, 201, 202, 204, 208, 209, 255, 296, 302 210, 212, 226, 309 melanophloia F.v.M. 53, 63, 66, 67, 70,
var. angulosa Benth. ee ol’: 74,15
conglobata R.Br. 130, 154, 204
207, 222
dumosa F.v.M. 31, 130, 175, 176,
270, 309
goniantha Maiden ... 200
grossa Maiden... -; 210 intertexta R. T. Baker set wice S142.)
Lansdowneana Mueller and J. E. Brown ... sale se aoe OU. OL largiflorens F.v.M. 2, 6, 7, 52, 68, 108, 124, 140 lawrifolia Behr. leptophleba F.v.M. (drepanophylla
Benth.) 5, 14, 62, 67, 102, 159 leptophylla Miq. ... 148, 144, 175 leptophylla F.v.M. ... awe 144
leptopoda Benth. Le Souefii Maiden ... leucoxylon F.v.M. 3,
macrocalyx Turcz. ...
220, 226 257, 263
macrorrhyncha F.v.M. maculata Hook
, 10, 19, 41, |
167, 177 |
174, 218, 219, 287 ... 187, 190, 199 |
F230, 231 macrocarpa Hook.... ‘91, 231, 236, 239 |
var. angulata Benth. ie 91 erythrostema F.y.M. na 91 macrocarpa J. KE, Brown 92 minor Benth. ... ... 84, 92 pallens Benth. ... 05 foehy Gly pauperita J. EK. Brown ... 92 | pluriflora F.v.M.... 29, 35, 90 pruinosa F.v.M. ... 58 91 | rostellata F.v.M. oa 91 rugulosa F.y.M. oe 91
linearis Dehnh. ... wie eo il
~ longicornis F.v.M. ... ee e660)
longifolia Link ard Otto ... 89, 295 | loxophleba Benth. ... one awe) 166 var. fruticosa Benth. ... Bat 37
melliodora A. Cunn. 2, 4, 10, 13, 26, 28,
36, 87, 95, 108, 115, 116, 185, 143 micrantha DC. a aa .. 220 ... 147, 154, 308 microcorys F.v.M. ... 77, 81, 159, 270 microtheca F.v.M. 12,51, 62, 67, 73, 156,
micranthera F.v.M.
159
miniata A. Cunn. ... “a veo | 2: Mortoniana Kinney st Soo | 218 multiflora Poiret... Bis at 80 multiflora Rich, ... sas ssa 80 myrtiformis Naudin a son EY Naudiniana F.v.M. 77, 79, 159 nitens Maiden ket Sus wee weniien obcordata Turez. ... os .. 204 var. nutans Maiden ... so ADE obliqua L’ Heérit. 20, 284, 291, 294 var. alpina Maiden... soo RY obovata Lab. a aes ses, 149 ochrophloia F.y.M. 48, 49, 50
odorata Behr. and Schlecht 1, 4, 12, 16 26, 38, 42, 43, 47, 124, 139, 161, 168
odorata Behr. forma angustifolia
TRAIL. Ges e ais sae 30 var. cajuputea F.y.M. ae 34 caleicultriz Mig. = KE, caleicultrix of F.v.M. ... 90 calcicultriz F.v.M. 27,28, 35,38, 44 erythrandra F.v.M. a 30 erythrostoma F.y.M 26, 27, 28 linearis Maiden ... ... 45, 46
purpurascens Maiden 15, 29, 35
Woollsiana Maiden 17, 32, 36 Oldfieldii F.v.M. 207. 228, 236, 310 var. Drummondii Maiden 223, 228
oleosa F.v.M. 127, 147, 152, 165, 178, 181, 185, 193, 201, 218, 220, 225, 285, 286 var. Flocktoniz Maiden as. weB5
glauca Maiden 167, 177, 185, 193
Eucalyptus oleosa (continued)
INDEX,
PAGE.
var. latifolia 5 re | LS leptophylla F.v. M. 143, 146 longicornis F.v.M. .- 166 oligantha Schauer ... 117, 160 orbifolia F.y.M. 227, 228
ovalifolia R. T. Baker .. 109; 111, 114 var. lanceolata R. T. Baker
and H. G. Smith 109, 111 pachyloma Benth. ... 226 pachyphylla F.v.M. 198, 199, 225, 230,
232, 236
pachyphylla Cunn. MSS. 232 pachypoda F.v.M. ... er. . 20 pallens DC. bak ue ...21, 275 pallens Mig. non DC. ce Se 20 pallidifolia F.v.M. 243 paniculata Sm. 63, ‘64, 85, 97, 104, 140, 142, 143
var. angustifolia Benth. 104, 108
(2) conferta Benth. 104
fasciculosa Benth. 104, 140, 141
parviflora F.v.M. i, @ patens Benth. 302, 8304, 506, 307 patentiflora Miq. m.. | 186 pendula A. Cunn. .. Gao pendula Page ooh us od 8 perfoliata Desf. 250 perfoliata Noisette ... 251
perforata Behr. .. 144, 165, 168
perforata R.v.M.... a ee 30 persicifoia DC... “is i 14 pilularis Sm. 8, 80, 260 Pimpiniana Maiden... 211 |
piperita Sm.
221, 291 |
Planchoniana F.v.M. soot) 2B pleurocarpa Schauer 75, 205, 214 plurilocularis F.v.M. . 244 polyanthemos Benth. non Cetera: 121: | polyanthemos Schauer 9, 25, 109, 116,
119, 120, 125, 135, 161 polyanthema Schauer var. glauca,
R. T. Baker 109, 111 polybractea R. T. Baker .. 41, 42 populifolia Hook. 9, 11, 19, 109, 113,
° 116, 161 populnea E.v.M. 109
porosa F.v.M. te ae ie 29 Preissiana Schauer 232, 236, 243, 247, 255
vil
PAGE,
Eucalyptus pruinosa Schauer. . 73, 161, 214 pruinosa Turez. 230, 233 ptychocarpa F.v.M. 232
pulverulenta aff. H. (Hooker) ... 72
pulverulenta Link pulverulenta Sims pulvigera A. Cunn. . * punctata DC.
purpurascens (R.Br.) F.v.M. 199, 228, 229, 232
pyriformis Turcz.
78, 168, 221, 222, 226, 246,
251
.. 13, 75, 177, 178, 283
283
260, 270 30830
241, 296
var. elongata Maiden 230, 235 minor Maiden 225, 280, 235 Rameliana Maiden 230, 235 quadrangulata Deane and Maiden 119, 271, 274
racemosa Cav. asi 63 Rameliana F.v.M. ... 230, 232 Raveretiana F.v.M. .. 54, 61
regnans F.y.M. resinifera Sm. Risdoni Hk. f. robusta Sm. ... rostrata Schlecht. rostellata Behr. rudis Endl. Rudderi Maiden rugulosa F, Mill. saligna Sm. salubris F.v.M. salmonophloia F.V. M.
298
.. 226, 249, 291
178, 284
.. 143, 296, 297
10, 54, 135 91
5, 54, 204, 305
116, 118, 126 ents 91 81, 298
.. 165, 174, 286
173, 217, 219,
222, 287 santalifolia F.v.M. ... 40, 127, 130 scoparia Maiden 78 sepuleralis F.v.M. ... 212 setosa Schauer 178
siderophloia Benth.
var. glauca Deane and Maiden — 97
sideroxylon A. Cunn.
66, 82, 88, 91, 94,
95, 96, 101, 103, 108, 139
var. pallens Benth. 96 Sieberiana F.v.M. ... 78, 269 Smithii R. T. Baker 76 socialis F.v.M. 167
var. laurifolia F.v.M. 167, 177 spodophylla F.v.M. 74 squamosa Deane and Maiden 224
viii INDEX.
PAGE. PAGE. Eucalyptus Staigeriana F.v.M. .- _ «, 62, 69 | Flockton, Margaret... se we ne 18D stannariensis Bailey AS se ©6b7 || Hlooded\Box ~~ =. a sae a Soo Oe fs} Stoneana Bailey... Pe 526 67 Gum cee Be fe DS, lial 247; Stricklandi Maiden ... wee .. 202 | Fluted Eucalypt “63 se “Bo eine stricta R.Br. et Ae ... 129 | Forest Box se ik af ee Pee 16 stricta Sieb. ... ... 29, 45, 128, 180, 165 | Fuzzy Box Ba hin age so 123, 125
Stuartiana MacMahon a6 157, 158
Stuartiana F.v.M. 124, 126, 150, 221, 263, 271, 280, 291 Ghinghit ... 5 aise ee nas bee 72 var. cordata Baker and Smith 284 | Giant Eucalypts ... ahs wis sas Bay CASI) subrotunda R.Br. ... a son Gum as ae ese 80 soe | AL tereticornis Sm...» ~——... 115, 117, 135 | Mallee... ss eens ae 218 var, amblycorys F.v.M. 221, 222 | Gill, Walter on tes se er oe ALT: dealbataDeaneand Maiden 24 | Gimlet Wood ... an ne oad soe AD sphaerocalyx F.v.M. 221, 222 | Ginghi_... oe te oe te te 72 squamosa Maiden ... 221 | Goborro ... ae ee 506 a sore el terminalis Britten non F.v.M. ... 63, 64 | Green Mallee... see see ase oe 45 terminalis Sieb. ... «.. we -~—«'107 :| Green Top sev Seti ictescis! | oteete Mecca tetragona F.v.M. 75,214 | Grey Box... 1,3, 10, 16, 17, 22, 35, 109, 118, 123, 267 tetraptera Turez. Bee mo ny Box-tree ... 0... oe see ane 1 Todtiana F.v.M.... 305, 306 Gum ioe pan ge He 78, 93, 246, 260 Thozetiana F.v.M. ... 43, 48, 50, 161 Ironbark... we eee ... 65, 105, 107 torquata Lueh. Fp ... 186, 203, 204 | Griffiths, John Moore... a8 ae pon AUIS! tristis Herb. Mill .. 3... = w.. )3=— 9 | Guamgam .., ee ae ee ee 210 turbinata Behr. et F.v.M. ... ... 168 | Guilfoyle, Wm. Robert ... Nes as see OU uncinata Turcz. 130, 143, 152, 175, 181, | Gum, Apple eee Son ts 0d tee we 74 285, 287, 308, 309 Bastard Blue AE we ane fos afl var. latifolia Benth. ... wy 12S} Black-heart pa see we ae 53 (2) major Benth. ...° ww ~6144 Bell... aa ie SC we ee O6 major Benth, 2 ~~. 7809 Blue Soe 90, 92, 196, 246, 259, 267, 298 rostrata Benth. ... 144, 172, 193 Box a0 si ses ose tee 35 urnigera Hk. f. RS! ... 261, 296, 297 Desert “ee wee see eee moo Zell var. elongata Rodway... eel Dwarf White... ve vs 141 viminalis Labill. ...78, 127, 136, 221, 262 Flooded... 0... use ws 53, 151, 247 var. pedicellaris F.v.M. 76 Giant see oo oe oe 272 virgata Sieber whe n6 elG; 178 Grey oo sve ee 78, 93, 246, 260 var. stricta Maiden... ...45, 130 Hill 00 900 900 as soo alae viridis R. T. Baker... 5: Pe 45 Large fruited red-flowering ar ene 92 Whittinghamiensis Hort. ... .. 262 Large fruited white-flowering ... <e 92 Woodwardi Maiden ae ee o1S Manna... oe eee ses -- 253 Woollsiana R. T. Baker... —... 17, 33 Monkey ., we vee nee wee 269 Woollsii F.v.M. re Pa . 295 Mountain ... a a lb 2b TG 210 2s zanthonema Turez. ... oo .» 144 Peppermint ote on see tre 35 Youngiana F.v.M. ... ba 230, 231 Pink oo te tee -» 141 Eurabbie ... 253 Red ave 2 ed ..- 110, 114, 135 Ribbon... eae oe, ie oe 8 D8 Round-leaved .... ia’ isd soa Fat Cake ... .. 83, 86 Sand “ee oe ee a0 ay | dal
Fat Cake Ironbark ae ap a ae 83
Scrub ae vat le dae coe
INDEX. 1x
PAGE.
Gum, Scrub Blue 92 Slaty mao, LILO Spstted 114, 257, 259, 267 Stringybark 292 Swamp 151, 175 Whipstick ... : are os ae «| 46 White 82, 88, 116, 141, 208, 224, 259,
White Desert
Yellow
York Gum-top Box... 28 Gum-topped Stringybark Gungurru
Heteroblastic specimens Hill Box ... Hill Gum ... Homoblastic specimens ... Hybridism
Tronbark ...
Ironbark, Bastard Black ... Box 22: Box-tree Broad-leaved Fat cake Grey Mountain Narrow-leaved
Narrow-leaved Red ...
Pale
Red Red-flowering Rough-barked Silver ... Silver-leaved ... Smooth bark ... Stunted
Tree
White ...
White Narrow-leaf ...
Iles Stériles
oe) Bef, Ib
267, 272 93
270
dag 40 eee L657 292
43
72
03, 1359, 176, 255, 296
Bes ...85, 101
66, 83, 105
1, 27, 101, 106 Ee. 1
66, 72, 95 Cae. - 83 . 65, 105, 107 ae. 96 64, 65, 104, 107 66
e107
66, 82, 105
83
85
K 466
72, 86, 95
93
96
se 90, 92, 93, 101, 105 107
215
PAGE, Is E. hemiphloia F.v.M. conspecific with Z. albens Miq.? a0 600 ae 300 21
Jarrah... ee A ate Lee mee, 299
Jerrigree ... ‘i 080 00% don a0 77 Jimmy Green... 506 aes ec 00 77 Karri ae 298, 303 Kank in filament : cf 143, 147 Kullingal ... ov Sse ee abe 300 74 Lambertia ericifolia R.Br. ae an ww «=. 244 Large-fruited Red-flowering Gum... is 92 Large-fruited White-flowering Gum ... ae 92 Large-leaved Box nae 00 00 Bp0 21 Le Souef, Ernest Bee Si vee coos Leaf-pits caused by insects”... a0 ao Lignum Vite ... fh eis 116, 120 Lippia citriodora H.B. & K.... ee oda 69 Loranthus 593 O08 000 008 see 2
Macrozamia spiralis Miq. a ae weno
Madam Pepperweath ... 200 00 St 28 Mahogany Red 113, 291 Mallee ... 42, 46 Black Be ... 80, 31, 33, 47 Blue Kes an te a Lh 42 Box ia a oe Gol ace CL OY Brown... a ies te ws 45 Curly _ ... ae ae we vey geal Dwarkeere oe tke = Bere? Cau Giant) ee an bee sas eS Creenwuees nae 5 ate oo 45 Pink aa bi oa ace ae 3l Red ie aoe 3 31, 45, 146, 170 Red-flowering. ... oe a ies 32 Thin-leaved se at fo ou AD Watery 3: Ps ties Re eo Whipstick be 42, 46, 146 Manna _ ... aD ee aan AAS se 78 Manna Gam a aa ae aes pen, eS
x INDEX, PAGE, PAGE. Mazel, M. 77 | Red Box .. : 3, 8, 11, 110, 111, 118 Messmate 157 Eowarite Teonbante 500 00 oon 83 Mogargro ... 105 -flowering Mallee ... S00 6c cc 34 Moitch 151 Gum ... 110, 114, 135 Mokaarago 65 Tronbark 66, 82, 105 Monkey Gum 269 Mahogany 118, 291 Moogar 86 Mallee ae 31, 45, 146, 170 Morongle trees 124 or round Shining- eat Box 66 foc LT} Morral 240 | Redwood ... obs is ae ae .. 295 Morrel 166 | Ribbon Gum... a foe ae we) 208 Mountain Apple .. 276 | River Box = 50 500 .. 10, 36 Ash .. 83, 253 | Rough-barked ree sa on at Soe 85 Box . 16,19 | Round-leat Box... 2. an eens Gum 115, 257, 270, 273 | Gum fa) ip ieee ceed em als Tronbark 96 | Round Shining-leaf Box be ost aoe, pal Mugga 82 | Salmon-barked Eucalypt =A BE He NTS Napunyah 48 | Sand Gum ame = et abe da oe UAT Narrow-leaved Box 11, 35, 36 | Scented Verbena Bas us see re 69 Tronbark 64, 65, 104, 107 | Scholtzia leptantha Benth. a se ceo 2D Red Box a 114 | Scrub Gum Les) west Tau pean ace Red Ironbark ... 66 | Scrubby Blue Gum Aor sf Boe ae 92 White Box 19 | Semi-truncate anther... apd ee Boog a3} Native Bears 269 | Silver Box ne Ae? ie ffs Bee 24 Nettaring 120 | Silver Ironbark ... ee “i sf oe 66 | -leaved Box ade ae Set : 74 -leaved Ironbark as ny 72, , 86, 95 Top ee a 906 ane a Pairs of Species ... 178 | Slaty Gum erm 6), 11110 Pale Ironbark 107 | Smooth-barked Trovbark nae .-# ae 93 Panicle-flowered White Gum 140 | Spotted Box 5 see at aa eae 93 Parragilga 107 | Gum : 114, 257, 259, 267 Parrajilja ... 105 | Staiger, Karl Theodore ... oa a ood) Peeneri Be ae bee .. 170 | Stmkang Box ... ai se ie Ee Zils) Peppermint 26, 27, 33, 42, 77, 166, 186, 295 | Stringybark tee eae Fish ss ee ey Peppermint Broad-leaved 279 Gum 58C 06 556 soo SP Peppermint Gum 35 Gum-topped Bee 260 re PEP Whipstick ... 43 | Strong species... 408 560 vies .. 248 Pimpin : 211 | Stunted Ironbark ie 68 ai ae oo Pink Gum 141 | Swamp Box .. 10, 52 Mallee 31 Gum bs. ae ial, ils) Poot =. 66 White Box a ee rc a0 10 Poplar-leaved eee 116, 120 Prefatory note on &, ee (also R. T. Baker) not A. Cunn... 7 Rectifying a description 291 | Tallow Tree oF coe a0 502 coo KOI Red Apple 19 Woods Wire. = 600 ot 101, 270
Tangoon ...
Teering
Thattinebark
Thin-leaved Mallee
Tingle Tingle, Yellow
Toothed leaves
Torrangora Bee Tristania conferta R.Br.
True or Yellow Box of Camden Truncate anther ...
Tubercles on margins of leaves..
Urae
Verbena, Scented Victorian Mountain Ash
Wandoo Water Mallee Weeping Box Eucalyptus Whipstick Gum ... Mallee Peppermint ...
INDEX.
PAGE.
52
coo, kOe) 105, 107 145
302
273
A a0 me 202
69 298
oe 46 42, 46, 146 43
White Ash Box Box Tree ... Desert Gum
Gum 82, 88, 116, 141, 208, 224, 259, 267, 272
Ironbark ...
Narrow-leaved Ironbark
Top :
topped Mountain Ash
Willow Tree
Woodward, Bernard Henry
Woolly Butt Wul Wul ... Wuwuk
Yandee
Yandert
Yapunyah
Yarra
Yate
Yellow Box Gum Jacket
or Bastard Box ...
Tingle Tingle Yerrick Yirik se, York Eucalypt - York Gum Yucca
Zydncy : William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer,—jSiq
3, 11, 16, 19, 22, 114, 118, 124
x1
PAGE. 17
20 93
90, 92, 93, 101, 105 107
77
77
10
oD aca! s eeli}
123, 279, 294, 295, 304 1
217
40
= 90
... 48, 50
135
wae ee 66 2, 115, 123, 188 270
noalypins acacioides, A. Geen 48, Bose sus ochrophloia, F. sh 49. Eucalyptus microtheca, F.v.M. Q , 49-52. (Issued February, 1910.)
x50. : Puce Raveretiana, F.v.M. Be ly Eg Eucalyptus crebra, E.v.M. 82. Eucalypine Stargeriana, F.v. ba
of a Eucalyptus pruinosa, Soar 8. Eucalyptus Smithii, R. T. Baker. BG. Eucalyptus Naudimana, F.v.M. 87. Eucalyptus’ sideroxylon, A. Cunn. 68. Bucalyptus leucoxylon, F.v.M. 69. Eucalyptus Caleyi, Maiden. Ht toa 53-56. (Issued November, 1910.)
! > 4
: xIII—60. Raa ola affinis, Deane and Maiden. ws OL Hucalyptus paniculata, Sm. 582: Bucalyptus polyanthemos, Schauer. 68. Eucalyptus Rudderi, Maiden. — ts 64. Eucalyptus Baueriana, Schauer. ie Eucalyptus eneorifotia, DC. Br _ Plates, 57-80. (Issued July, 1911.)
7. Eucalyptus fasciculosa, F.v.M. . Eucalyptus uncinata, Turczaninow. . Hucalyptus decipiens, Endl. Eucalyptus concolor, Schauer. hana Clieziana, F.y.M.
81. 82. 83. 84.
87.
ronypla oninils Turez. Eucalyptus Stricklandi, ‘Maiden. Hucalyptus Campaspe, 8. le M.. Eucalyptus diptera, Andrews. Eucalyptus Griff ithsi, Maiden. Eucalyptus grossa, F.v.M. Eucalyptus: Pimpiniana, Maiden Eucalyptus Woodwardi, Maiden. . Plates, 69-72. Cssued September, 1 it
. Lucaly pla sulmonophloia, Fy. M.
. Eucalyptus leptopoda, Bentham, —
Eucalyptus squamosa, Deane and. Maiden nt Hiucalyptus Oldfieldi, F.v. M. 3. Hucalyptus orbifolia, F.v.M. . Eucalyptus pyriformis, Turezaninow. Piates, 73-76. . (Issued February, 1 91s
- Eucalyptus macrocarpa, ‘Hook. Eucalyptus Preissiana, Schauer, Eucalyptus megacarpa, B. v.M. Eucalyptus globulus, Labillardiére. Eucalyptus Maideni, F, v.M.
: ene urnigerd, Hook. fe ‘
Baeolgyis ena. oy oe Eucalyptus nitens, Maiden. — Eucalyptus eleophora, F, ve Eucalyptus cordata, Labill. aster Lucalyptus angustissima, Fy: M. ie Plates, sia ‘Manet Devaar
a
Eucalyptus ae Benth: ,
ap CS: Py.
ISION OF T UCALYPTUS
BY
J. H. MAIDEN
| Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic - Gardens, Sydney).
Vou. IL. Parr 1,
cS : OF THE Roe Xb ee
(WITH FOUR PLATES).
Price Two SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.
Published by Authority of
- THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
Svvnev ; | WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER. aunsonian Institg, ss
1910.
ve
MS "a +
ABO rrnies© IkbVISION OF THE
CENUS] E UCARYEIUS
BY
Ji; Jae MOAQUD ei
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).
Wool, JU eee: JE Part XI of the Complete Work.
(WITH FOUR PLATES.)
“« Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter, or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages. In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,
even when they fail, are entitled to praise.” Macautay’s “‘Essay on MILTON.”
PRICK TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE QF NEW SOUTH WALES.
Sovpnev ; WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP—STREET.
# 52252—A iSO).
XLII. Eucalyptus Bosistoana, F. v. Mueller.
Description : ; ; é Notes supplementary to ie Heeeripeon
Synonym
Range
Affinities
XLIT. Eucalyptus bicolor, A. Cunningham.
Description
Synonyms. ; ; ; ; :
Note on (a) Eucalyptus parviflora, F.v.M. (1) 5 bicolor, Duff (partim.)
Range
Affinities
XLII. Eucalyptus hemiphloia, F. v. Mueller.
Description : ; ‘ : 5 2 Notes supplementary to the descusuion
Range
Affinities
Var. microcarpa, Maiden.
Deseription
SymMonyim. - : : 5 Range
Affinities
Var. albens, F. v. Mueller.
Synonyms .
Is E. hemiphloia, F.v.M., tear eneeinc oon E. nies. Me: ?
Range. Affinities
(<i xe) Ney Woy Si fen
14 15
XLIV. Eucalyptus odorata, Behr & Schlechtendal.
Description ; : : , : : ‘ : Notes supplementary to the description
Synonyms. Varieties
Var. ealeicultrix, Miquel. Notes supplementary to the description Synonyms .
Var. purpurascens, Maiden. Synonyms .
Var. Woollsiana, var. nov. Synonym iInange (Ob Swecies) ». The type form . Var. caleicultrix, F.v.M. Var. purpurascens, Maiden . Var. Woollsiana, Maiden
Affinities XLIV. (a). An Ironbark Box. Description Range. Affinities
XLV kucalyptus fruticetorum, F. v. Mueller. Synonym : : : : . : , Range
Affinities
XLVI. Eucalyptus acacioides, A. Cunningham.
Synonyms Range. Affinities
30
(SSP (es) TSS) ICS) SS), Se SS) (py, eny teat Way GSE Sy (25)
38 38
46 47
XLVI. Eucalyptus Thozetiana, F. v. Mueller.
Synonyms. Range Affinities
XLVITT. Eucalyptus ochrophloia, F. v. Mueller.
Affinities
XIIX. Eucalyptus microtheca, F. v. Mueller.
Description : F : : : ‘ Notes supplementary to the description
Synonym . : : : :
E. brachypoda, Turcz., not a synonym
Range
Affinities
Explanation of Plates
PAGE, 48 48 49
50
51 51 51 51 52 53
54
DESCRIPTION. XIIT.—E. Bosistoana, ¥.v.M.
Australasian Journal of Pharmacy, October, 1895.
Finally tall; branchlets slender, at first angular.
Leayes.—On rather short petioles, almost chartaceous, mostly narrow or elongate-lanceolar, some- what falcate, very copiously dotted with translucent oil glandules, generaliy dull-green on both sides, their lateral venules distant, much divergent, the peripheric venule distinctly distant from the edge of the leaf, all faint.
Leaves of Young Seedlings.—Roundish or ovate, scattered, stalked; umbels few-flowered, either axillar-solitary or racemosely arranged.
Peduneles.—Nearly as long as the umbels or oftener variously shorter, slightly or sometimes broadly compressed.
Pedicels.— Usually much shorter, rather thick and angular, Tube of the Calyx.—Turbinate-semiovate, slightly angular. Lid.—Fully as long as the tube, semiovate-hemispheric, often distinctly pointed.
Stamens.— All fertile, the inner filaments abruptly inflected before expansion ; anthers very small, cordate or ovate-roundish, opening by longitudinal slits.
Style.—Short ; stigma somewhat dilated. Fruit.—Comparatively small, nearly semiovate, its rim narrow, its valves 5-6 or rarely 4, deltoid,
totally enclosed, but sometimes reaching to the rim; sterile seeds very numerous, narrow or short ; fertile seeds few, ovate, compressed, slightly pointed.
In swampy localities at Cabramatta, and in some other places of the County of Cumberland and also in the County of Camden (Rev. Dr. Woolls) ; near Mount Dromedary (Miss Bate) ; near Twofold Bay (L. Morton) ; near the Genoa (Barnard) ; on the summit of the Tantawanglo Mountains, and also near the Mitchell River (Howitt) ; between the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers (Schlipalius); near the Strezlecki Ranges (Olsen). The “Wul Wul” of the aborigines of the County of Dampier; the “ Darjan” of the aborigines of Gippsland. Called locally by the colonists of New South Wales “ /ronbark Box-tree,” and in some places also “Grey Box-tree,” which appellations indicate the nature of the wood and bark, though the latter may largely be shedding.
As richly oil-yielding and also as exuding much kino, this tree is especially appropriate to connect therewith the name of Joseph Bosisto, Esq., O:M.G., who investigated many of the products of the Eucalypts, and gaye them industrial and commercial dimensions.
This species in its systematic aflinities is variously connected with #. odorata, E. siderophloia, E. hemiphloia, and Z. drepanophylla, A fuller account of this valuable tree will early be given.
Notes supplementary to the Description.
Shortly after the publication of LH. Bosistoana, I wrote to Baron von Mueller, pointing out that he had confused two trees in his description—namely, a “ Grey Box” and an *‘ Ironbark Box.” He thanked me for the information, and stated he intended to publish further notes on the tree (as, indeed, he promised at the conclusion of the description), but his intention was frustrated by pressure of work and subsequent death. I will endeavour to make # Bosistoana quite clear—that
2
is to say, the tree almost exclusively referred to in the description—and will touch upon the confusion which has arisen when referring to the Ironbark Boxes in this and a later Part.
It is a species which has successively been confused by Mueller (and by Woolls and others following Mueller), with 2. bicolor, EF. melliodora, and E. odorata,
SD OUN OE,
E. bicolor, Woolls (Contrib. Flora of Australia, 232), non A. Cunn. ; see also p. 7 of the present Part.
In the Woollsian herbarium, which is my property, there is a specimen in Dr. Woolls’ handwriting bearing the following label :—
“ Yellow or Bastard Box, half-barked when young, nearly smooth when full- grown. Hard wood. Height, 120 feet. Cabramatta. £. bicolor.” fo) fo) >
On another occasion, Dr. Woolls labelled a similar specimen from Cabramatta * F largiflorens.”
There is no question as to the identity of this tree, even if his specimens did not make it quite clear. It is #. Bosistoana, F.v.M., is typical for the species, as determined by Mueller himself (Mueller first labelled this specimen Z. odorata, Behr., and then #. Bosistoana), and the assumption that Woolls’ determination of the tree as LH. bicolor was correct has given rise to some curious mistakes. See my paper, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., xxvii, 519 (1902), for a full account of the matter.
RANGE.
So far as we know at present, it is confined to eastern New South Wales, from the Illawarra and the southern tableland in the north as far as north Gippsland (Bairns- dale district), Victoria, in the south.
VICTORIA.
It grows only in Gippsland, especially on limestone formations, commencing to the westward of Bairnsdale, and extending beyond Lake Tyers. Unfortunately, it grew principally upon lands which were required for settlement, and, consequently, immense quantities of this tree have been ringbarked. It is still found growing on some private lands, on some unalienated Crown lands, in the neighbourhood of Lake King, and in Cunninghame State Forest.—(A. W. Howitt, in an unpublished official report, 1895.)
New Sourn WALES. Even (A. W. Howitt).
Following is a copy of a label by Oldfield (dated 1866), in Herb. Barbey- Boissier: ‘‘ Box-tree.—Tree 160 feet ; bark dark grey, spongy on trunk ; limbs very white, soft to the touch, like velvet. Stony Ranges, called Mountain Hut Range, near Eden, Twofold Bay.” Later, the label bears the name #. lewcoxylon in Oldfield’s handwriting. The specimens are 2. Bosistoana, F.v.M.
There are similar specimens in Herb. Cant., labelled ** No, LX Hucalyptus leucoxylon, F.M., ‘ Box-tree,’ New South Wales, Hb. Oldfield,” and, doubtless, in other herbaria.
This is the key, in my opinion, to. the use of the name “ Box” having been attached to FE. leucoxylon. The name box is never used in Australia for true EH. leucoxylon, so far as my experience goes. If it is so used, it must be very rarely.
Bega district; also, ‘Red, Grey, White Box,” Cobargo (J. 8S. Allan); Mt. Dromedary (Miss Bate); ‘“ Grey Box,’ Noorooma (A. Langley); abounds in Wagonga district (F. R. Benson); “ Grey Box” (J. V. de Coque) and ‘“* Red Box” (J. S. Allan), both in the Moruya district ; Lower Araluen (J.H.M.); Milton; also * Yellow Box,” West Dapto (R. H.Cambage) ; “ Box,” or ‘* White Box,” of Razor- back, 4 miles from Wingello (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman); Marulan (A. Murphy). (#. Bosistoana, from Marulan, was provisionally determined by F.v.M. as #. bicolor many years ago.) Bullio to Wombeyan (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).
Cabramatta district, County of Cumberland, occurring between Bankstown and the Cabramatta railway station, and also thence to Bringelly and Cabramatta (now Rossmore).
Woolls’ Cabramatta specimens, already referred to, have large, plump flower-buds ; there are no fruits.
“There used to be some large trees of it near Bringelly, growing in a swampy place. Wood reddish-yellow and very tough when dry.” (W. Woolls.)
Then on specimens collected by J. L. Boorman at Bankstown, on 8th February, 1900, he and I made the following notes :—
“No. 13, ‘Yellow Box.’ Very tall trees, ribbony base. Clean grey tips from 12 to 14 feet from ground. Leaves elliptic ovate, acuminate, of a glaucous colour. ‘Timber yellow. Usually known as Bastard Box.”
Subsequently, on 20th July, 1901, I went to Cabramatta with Mr. Boorman and interviewed Mr. Hoy, a local resident, in regard to the range of this tree in the district, and compared the local Grey Box (2. hemiphiloia) with it. See Affinities,
p. 4. B.
moor UN eS:
1. With EF. odorata, Behr.
The odorata of Howitt’s paper, “The Eucalypts of Gippsland.” Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict., 1890, is EB. Bosistoana.
The Bairnsdale Grey Box is one of our most durable, and from the large size attained, one of the most valuable of our timber trees. Until I examined its characters critically, and until its botanical peculiarities were investigated, at my instance, in collections which I forwarded to Baron von Mueller, it was considered locally as “ Yellow Box” (£. melliodora), to which it has a slight superficial resemblance. —(Report of A. W. Howitt, 1895.)
It differs from #. odorata in the greater paleness of its timber, its more erect
habit, and in other characters.
HE. Bosistoana belongs to a group of species including #. odorata, melliodora, leucoxylon, and others, which have almost similar rims to the nearly ripe fruit.
2. With £. hemiphloia, F.v.M.
E. Bosistoana is often known as “ Yellow Box,” it is also like H. hemiphloia, sometimes known as “ Grey Box.” Both are upright growing trees, with broad suckers. It is called “Yellow Box” at Cabramatta (Dr. Woolls’ original locality for the species), and I was at considerable pains, with Mr. Hoy, a local resident, and Mr. Boorman, to ascertain the local differences between it and 2. hemiphloi.
E. hemiphloia is known locally as ‘Grey Box.” . Bosistoana (‘ Yellow Box’’) has straighter timber than the Grey. It grows on swampy, low ground, but then keeps shrubby; on high ground it makes good timber.
The Grey Box timber turns ‘black or grey; the Yellow Box keeps yellow for a long time, and this colour shows in old timber when freshly adzed. This is the origin of the name. Grey Box keeps on dry, hilly ground.
The fruits of 2. hemiphloia are more cylindrical.
3. With F. melliodora, A. Cunn.
It is worthy of note that the immature fruits of this species have a marked outer rim such as is a prominent character in 2. melliodora.
An axe-cut readily shows the difference between the two species, #. Bosistoana having a white sapwood, and F#. melliodora a yellow one. The foliage of the latter is more glaucous, more pendulous, and altogether less rigid, than that of the former. ‘The fruit is also smaller and more cylindrical.
4, With EF. leucoxylon, F.v.M.
The specimen collected by Oldfield, many years ago, was labelled JZ. leucoxylon. The juvenile foliage of both species is broad; the fruits of #. Bosistoana are, however, much smaller than those of H. lewcoxylon and the inflorescence very much less sparse. The juvenile foliage of the latter and of the tree generally is more glaucous. The shapes of the juvenile leaves are different,
5
5. With £.. Boormani, Deane and Maiden.
The species has undoubted affinity with &. Bosistoana. (See Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., xxv, 112.) They can, however, be readily distinguished by the rough branehes of #. Boormani, while those of H. Bosistoana are smooth, like the Boxes (£. hemiphiloia, &c.). At the same time it must be noted that the rough bark on the butt of #. Bosistoana often displays considerable similarity to that of #. Boormani. The timber of #. Bosistoana is of a paler colour, and is less tough and hard.
6. With E. leptophleba, F.v.M. (drepanophylla, Benth.).
I mention this because Mueller does. It may be, as hinted by Deane and Maiden, in giving the description of #. Boormani, that that species is identical with £. leptophleba, but the latter is an imperfectly known species, and does not come as far south as #. Bosistoana so far as is known at present.
7. With E£. siderophloia, Benth.
This is mentioned also because of Mueller’s reference. The two species, Z. Bosistvana and #. siderophloia have, however, no close affinity. The former is a Box with pale-coloured timber, and the latter an Ironbark with dark-red timber ;
the buds of #. siderophloia are “ egg-in-egg-cup”’ when young, and the operculum more pointed than those of H#. Bosistoana, while the fruits of 2. siderophloia have
exserted valves.
DESCRIPTION: ALU.—E. bieolor, A. Cunn.
. bicolor, A. Cunn., was first alluded to in a published work in the following passage :—
“ E. bicolor, A, Cunn., MS., a species closely allied to £. hemastema, Sm., but the marginal nerve is not so close to the edge of the leaf (this is the ‘ Bastard Box’ of the carpenters).”—( Hooker in Mitchell’s “ Journ. Trop. Australia,” 390, 1848.)
I have examined the following specimens :-—
’
1. “ Eucalyptus bicolor”? in A. Cunningham’s handwriting, and bearing the label “* New Holland, A. Cunningham, Hooker, 1835.” This specimen was given by Sir William Hooker to Bentham.
2. EH. bicolor, 1846. Sub-tropical New Holland, Lieut.-Col. Sir T. L. Mitchell. The above are from Herb. Kew. A second specimen from Herb. Melb. of No. 2, labelled ‘* No. 446 of Nov. 1846.’’
There are two specimens on one sheet in Herb. Cant. ex herb. Lindl., both from sub-tropical New Holland, Lieut.-Col. Sir T. L. Mitchell, and both labelled “ F. bicolor, A. Cunn.,” by Cunningham himself. One label carries the additional information “ No. 4389, Nov. 20, 1846, ‘ Bastard Box of carpenters,’”’? and the other “*No. 614, Nov. 30, 1846, camp 86.”
Then comes Mueller’s very full description of Z. bicolor, A. Cunn., in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 99 (1859), Mueller being then ignorant that H. bicolor, A. Cunn., was a synonym of LH. largiflorens, F.v.M., described in 1855.
Bentham accepted ZL. bicolor, A. Cunn., as having priority, in B.FI. iti, 214, without comment, reducing /. largiflorens, F.v.M., to a synonym.
Mueller’s own quotation of the synonymy is interesting—(‘ Eucalypto- graphia,” under #. largiflorens, F.v.M.):—
“ B. largiflorens, F.v.M. (1854); Fragmenta, ti. 58. EH. pendula, A. Cunn., in Steudel (1810) ; 2. bicolor, A. Cunn., in Mitchell (1848).”
He proceeds to say :-— Preference is here given, in accordance with De Candolle’s code, to the name under which this species was first defined, and chosen as expressive of the exuberance of its flowers. Of neither of the names bestowed by Allan Cunningham on this species, timely description was given; the pendulous
branches suggesting the one name, and perhaps the sometimes but often pale colour of the filaments,* giving rise to the other unless it was derived from the coloration of the bark.
* See p. 312, Allan Cunningham’s MS. Journal, under date 30th June, 1817. ‘‘ We made the angle of a large deep lagoon, of considerable depth, thinly dotted with trees, that had marks of inundation, about 4 feet above the present level of water and a few inches above the general flatness of the plains. I here gathered specimens of a species of Eucalyptus having a submucronated hemispherical operculum, and flowers in terminal panicles of two colours (red and white), a tree of about 30 feet.”
And again, p. 318, 8th July, 1817. ‘“‘ Buried a bottle beneath a species of Eucalyptus (bicolor) near our tent.” Allan Cunningham, therefore, in his own manuscript named E. bicvlor as far back as 1817, and explained the origin of the name. He was then with Oxley on the lower Lachlan.
7
I would point out that early descriptions of Eucalyptus and other plants were often vague, and I have had, in some cases, to appeal to herbarium specimens and other less certain, collateral evidence, to decide what is intended as a species. I frequently hear that zoologists are ina similar situation. I think it would place a dangerous power in the hands of any man to enable him to pass over these imperfect early descriptions, especially when they are supported, as in the present case, by authentically named herbarium specimens deposited under proper safeguards, in important herbaria. :
Many of Sieber’s names have been accepted from herbarium labels only. Schauer adopted Cunningham’s names and described the plants, rectifying Cunningham’s omission to describe them. In 1859, Mueller’s act in fully describing 2. bicolor, A. Cunn., shows that he had no wish to suppress Cunningham’s name.
I therefore, after the most careful consideration, have decided to follow Bentham in adopting the name Z£. bicolor, A. Cunn. (B.FI. iii, 214).
SYNONYMS.
(a) Prefatory Note on Z#. bicolor, Woolls (also R. T. Baker), not A, Cunn.
a
. E. pendula, Page (?). . EF. pendula, A. Cunn. 3. E. largiflorens, E.v.M. 4. EF. hemastoma, Miq.
bo
Note on (a) E. parviflora, F.v.M.; (6), E. bicolor, Duff (partim).
(a) Prefatory Note on E. bicolor, Woolls (also R. T. Baker), not A. Cunn.
In many instances it is impossible to classify Eucalypts on the shape of fruits, anthers, buds, and leaves, and in this connection is mentioned the case of H#. bicolor* and E#. pendula} of A. Cunningham. It has been customary in recent times to synonymise these species under the name of #. largiflorens, F.y.M. Now Cunningham, who was a field botanist, and who was familiar with these trees, named the bastard box of Cabramatta Z. bicolor,* a tree with a dark box bark on the stem, and with clear white limbs, and having a light brown-coloured timber, whilst the ‘‘Coolabah” of the interior he named E. pendula,t trom its drooping habit. This tree has a red-coloured timber, and a box-bark extending to the ultimate branches. The oils of the two trees are also quite distinct . . . . . If placed under E. largiflorens,t then there would be the anomaly of having under one species a tree with two kinds of bark, two kinds of timber, two kinds of oil, anda variation in leaves.—(R. T. Baker, Proc. A.A.A S. Melbourne, 1900, p. 230.)
* TL. Bosistoana, F.v.M. + E. bicolor, A. Cunn. + #. bicolor, A. Cunn., is a synonym of F. largiflorens, F.v.M.
Again the same writer states :-—
I am much indebted in this instance to the writings of the late Dr. Woolls for finding the particular tree of E. bicolor.* In his “Contributions to the Flora of Australia” (p. 232), he gives the locality Cabramatta, where will be found trees that exactly coincide with Cunningham’s description of 2. bicolor, and in no way agree with EZ largiflorens, F.v.M. (2. pendula, A. Cunn.f), of the interior. I and others have now seen both trees in the field, and agree that the two are quite distinct, and Cunningham was quite justified in making two species, viz., B. pendula, “ Red Box,” and E. bicolor, “ Bastard Box.”
This latter species occurs all along the banks of the South Creek.—(R. T. Baker, in Proc. Linn. Soc., V.S.W., xxv, 666 ; see also J. H. Maiden, 7b., xxvii, 519.)
1. H. pendula, Page.
This name was first published (name only) in Page’s “ Prodromus; as a general nomenclature of all the plants . . . cultivated in Southampton Botanic Gardens, by William Bridgewater Page, London, 1818.” 8vo. pp. 186.
In Steudel’s “ Nomenclator Botanicus’’ (ed. ii. Vol. i. p. 600) appears the simple entry “pendula, Page, Nov. Holl.’ I have been unable to ascertain that Page’s name is other than a nomen nudum.
2. LH. pendula, A. Cunn.
In B.FI. (iii. 215) this is quoted as “A. Cunn. in Steud. Nom. Bot. Kd. 2.” It is assumed to be a synonym of H. pendula, Page.
The origin of A. Cunningham’s name pendula doubtless arose from the following :— The “ Weeping Eucalyptus” of Major Mitchell’s Expedition, 1836, No. 83 of 20th April. Specimen in Herb. Cant. ex herb. Lindl. This is no doubt the plant referred to in the ‘‘ Three Expeditions,” ii, 45, in these words, “In the woods I observed a Eucalyptus of a graceful drooping character, apparently related to #. pilularis and FL. amygdalina.
Mitchell was then on the Lachlan.
The specimen No. 83 has been examined by me and is identical with E. bicolor, A. Cunn., or L. largiflorens, F.v.M.
The interior species, 2. pendula, has a Box bark right out to the branchlets (W. Biuerlen and R. H. Cambage), a red timber, the leaves being longer than those of #. bicolor and glaucous, whilst the fruits are only half the size of the eastern species. The oils are also quite different (R. T. Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., xxv, 666). The name #. pendula, A. Cunn., cannot stand, and the tree referred to is E. bicolor, A.Cunn. The E£. bicolor referred to in this passage is, as has been shown, Z£. Bosistoana, F.v.M.
3. LH. largiflorens, F.v.M.
Arboreous : leaves alternate, glaucous, opaque, oblong-lanceolate, acute, slightly oblique, thinly veined, hardly dotted ; umbels pedunculate, panicled, few-flowered ; flowers small, on short pedicels ; lid double, thin, nearly even, hemispherical, blunt or minutely apiculate ; tube of the calyx obconical-bell- shaped, hardly angular, twice as long as the lower lid; fruits small, half ovate, short stalked, slightly contracted at the top ; valves of the capsule inclosed.
In bushy barren localities on the Murray, Avoca, Wimmera, and on St. Vincent’s Gulf. A small tree, with persistent grey-blackish bark.—(Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 34, 1855.)
A type specimen in Ilerb. Melb. bears the following label :—
** Eucalyptus largiflorens, ferd. MIl. herb. Stuartii 153. Nov. Holl. Austral. 1847. Murray. (. hemastoma, Sm., Miquel.” in Miquel’s handwriting, and also bearing the species number 16, in his Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv.). “ #. bicolor, A.C.” (in Bentham’s handwriting).
* EH. Bosistoana, F.v.M.
4, EF. hemastoma, Miq.
16. Eucalyptus hemastoma, Smith, Act. Soc. Linn. Lond. iti. 285; DC. Prodr. l.c. 219, n. 23.—Z. largiflorens, Ferd. Miill. Herb.
Locis humidis ad fl. Murray, fl. estate (F.M.). Van Diemensland (Stuart).
Umbell sub-5-flore, nunc superne paniculato-confert. Operculum duplex ; exterius depressum obsolete apiculatum, interius membranaceum convexum muticum ; calycis tubus (p. 131) obconicus apice amplatus hoc paulum, illo duplo amplior, ambobus multo longior (ex Miill. adnot.). Mederl. Krwidk Arch. iv. 130 (1856).
This is #. bicolor, A. Cunn., “as to the Murray specimens” (B.FL iii. 215). The Tasmanian (Van Dieman’s Land) specimens were probably 4. amygdalina.
(a) Note on E. parviflora, F.v.M.
This is a name only given as a synonym of J. bicolor, A. Cunn. (in Journ. Linn. Soc. iti. 90) and it js referred to here in order that it may be cleared up. It is the same as #. bicolor, A. Cunn., var. parviflora, F.v.M. (B.FI. iii, 215) and is E, populifolia, Hook., as noted by Mueller himself in Herb. Melb. It is, doubtless, the same as “var. parviflora, Benth,” (should be F.v.M., “ Eucalyptographia”’ under E. largiflorens).
(5) Note on E. bicolor, Duff (partim).
E. bicolor, Duff, in “Catal. of N.S.W. Forestry Exhibits,’ Melbourne, Adelaide, and other Exhibitions, is called “‘ Slaty Gum,” and its timber is described as “hard, tough, strong, durable, and said by experts to be one of the best hardwoods; used for fencing, wheelwrights’ work, bridges, railway sleepers, and house building; plentiful. Hab. open forests south-western river districts, Blue
Mountains, and the Darling River.”
It is evident that the above partly refers to #. bicolor, A. Cunn., and to E. polyanthemos, Schauer, and it is only referred to on the present occasion as the source whence ZL. bicolor, “ Slaty Gum,” has crept into numerous official reports.
RANGE.
It seems to be confined to South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland.
From St. Vincent’s Gulf and the Murray River and its lower tributaries, through eastern Australia, and particularly its eastern tracts to Carpentaria, at least as far as the Flinders and Gilbert Rivers, but reaching also, in some places, the coast tracts.—(Mueller, in Hucalyptographia.)
This reference to “‘coast tracts”? applies, as regards eastern Australia, to Queensland solely. Z. bicolor is a dry country species, and in central and northern Queensland many western New South Wales species approach the'coast. It prefers rich flats which are liable to occasional submergence.
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I have examined the following specimens (chiefly in the National Herbarium, Sydney) :-—
Soura AUSTRALIA.
Mannum (W. Gill).
VICTORIA. :
A specimen in herb. Melb. bears the following label :—‘‘ 16. Huc. largiflorens, ferd. Ml. herb. Stwartii, 153. Nov. Holl. Austral, 1847, Murray.” “ #. hemastoma, Sm. Miquel” (in Miquel’s handwriting). ‘‘ #. bicolor, A. C” (in Bentham’s hand- writing). I have a specimen from Kew, “ Murray River (Mueller),” that seems in no way different.
Eight to 10 miles north-west of Nhill, on somewhat moist flats (St. Eloy D’ Alton); north-west of Lake Albacutya (C. French) ; Wimmera, with normal flowers (J. Reader and others) ; Wimmera, 1891 (J. P. Eckert), with red flowers— one of the many instances in this species of two-coloured flowers (bicolor) ; Swan Hill (Dr. Griffiths). ‘A Box which grows with Z#. rostrata on the river flats, Swan Hill to Mildura. Habit, spreading, bark greyish, close and even, resembling a typical Grey Box” (W.S. Brownscombe) ; Murray River (J. P. Eckert) ; Benjerup, Murray River (C. Walter) ; Murray River, near Kerang. ‘A Box-tree : a low straggling tree, something like #. melliodora in habit. The leaves, however, have generally a bluish tint, and the wood is heavier, darker, and not ‘ ringy”’ like the Yellow Box. 2 feet 6 inches in diameter, perfectly sound, fine, hard, red timber, with very little sap-wood ” (J. Blackburne).
New Sourn WALES.
“Grey Box, the common Box of Riverina” (T. G. Sloane, Mulwala). The fruits urceo:ate when unripe ; Nyanda, Booligal (J. O’Brien, through F. B, Guthrie), used for feeding sheep through the 1902 drought; “ Black or Flooded Box,” Deniliquin (Forester Wilshire) ; Jerilderie, Dwarf Box (25-30 feet), with a blackish persistent bark on the stem. Wood dark-red inside, but lighter in the sapwood (W. H. Suttor). Mr. W. H. Suttor’s specimens were labelled “ Goborro”’ by Dr. Woolls, and are dicolor ; Ivanhoe, vid Hay (H. Deane), red timber.
** Box.” ‘The country areund Hay is all Box or Gum, with a very small proportion of Needlewood, and no Mallee”? (Acting Forester D. A. Wilson) ; * Black Box,” ‘‘Swamp Box,” Hillston. “ A sure indication of swampy country or country flooded at times, and is dense and low-growing”’ (W. 8S. Campbell) ; * River Box,’ Lake Cudgellico (G. 8. Home, J. L. Boorman) ; “ Drooping Box,” Condobolin Flats, some leaves a little shiny (J.H.M.); Condobolin—Euabalong Road (J.H.M.); Euabalong (J. L. Boorman); “Swamp White Box” or ‘* Coolabah” of Lachlan (F. R. Kidston).
“Sample taken from a tree about 15 feet high and 1 foot in diameter. I selected a young tree, as almost all the large ones are hollow. It grew on flooded land on the first creek 3 miles south of Condobolin. I should call it dwarf or stunted Box with drooping branches like a ‘ Willow tree’”’ (W. H. Suttor).
11
“Grey Box” or “ Apple Box” or “ Red Box” of Lachlan River, 30 miles below Condobolin. “Rough grey bark on limbs.” ‘“ White Box,’ Mt. Hope Road to Euabalong; “White Box,’ ‘Grey Box,” ‘Apple Box,” ‘ Red Box,” Persistent bark on the branchlets, wood redder than H#. hemiphiloia, and not so hard, bark not so useful either. Condobolin.” ‘ White or Grey Box” with limbs partly white (lk. H. Cambage).
Paldrumatta Bore, vid Wilcannia, “ Box,” “ Curra Curra” of the aborigines.
«The only Eucalypt growing in the creek here” (P. Corbett). Mt. Oxley, Bourke (E. Betche).
(a) Victorian Expedition, 1860, towards Barrier Range.
(4) Clay flats, near River Darling, 31st October, 1860.
(c) Victorian Expedition, lst November, 1860, Bambouroo, Dry Lake, near
Menindie. (d@) High sandy banks of River Darling.
(These four specimens were collected by the Burke and Wills’ Expedition, and are in the Nat. Herb. Melbourne).
Cobham Lake (W. Biuerlen), No. 263, 20-30’, 12”. Bark persistent. Dull leaves. Venation strongly marked. A very broad-leaved form.
* River Box,” Bourke. “ Plentiful on all the low lands of this and adjacent districts. Trees small, much resembling mallee in appearance. Long pendulous branches, bark rough, dark to the extreme tips of the branches. Timber reddish- brown, of superior quality. A handsome tree” (J. L. Boorman). Leaves narrow.
* River Box,’ Cobar Road, near Bourke. “Found in plenty; much larger specimens than those growing in the Lignum Swamps on the Darling, near Bourke” (J. L. Boorman). The leaves of this specimen are mostly coarser than those of the preceding specimen. Bourke to Barringun (W. 8. Campbell); River Darling at Bourke (J.H.M.).
“No. 13, broad-leaf kind of £. bicolor, North Bourke” (A. Murphy). Further information supplied by Mr. Murphy, is: “The timber of this variety is red, the same as the narrow-leaved dicolor ; there is no difference as far as timber is concerned ; the only difference is in the leaves—those of the broad-leaved variety are of a lighter green than the narrow-leaved variety. I found red and white flowers on the same tree, and also on the narrow-leaved one.’ The leaves of this form are somewhat shiny, as well as broad; and I think we have evidence of hybridism with &. populifolia. I will deal with this specimen when dealing with the question of hybridism generally.
“ Box.” Banks of river, Tinapagee, Wanaaring, Paroo Liver (KE. Betche, R. J. Dalton) ; Cuttabuira River, Yantabulla (A. Murphy) ; ‘“‘ River Box,” Belalie Bore (H. V. Jackson); Wileannia (H. V. Jackson); Murtee Holding (Stock Inspector Tully); ‘“ Black, narrow-leayed or Bogan River Box,” Coolabah
C
12
(J. W. Peacock); Cobar (J. L. Boorman) ; “ River Box,” “Coolibah Box,” Nyngan (District Forester C. Marriott). Sent as distinct specimens at the same time, but identical. Scone (J.H.M.). (QUEENSLAND. Bailey gives the localities, ‘* Maranoa, Port Denison, Flinders and Gilbert Rivers.”
AP EEN TT eS:
1. With £. odorata, Behr.
Mueller (in ‘‘ Eucalyptographia”’) says 4. odorata perhaps nearest approaches to FL. largiflorens (bicolor).
This species runs into odorata, and in extreme forms I doubt if it is possible to separate them. Usually the leaves of /. bicolor are dull-coloured, but this is not an infallible guide. The fruits are usually smaller, sometimes much smaller, and more cylindrical than those of &. odorata. The fruits of EH. bicolor are sub- cylindrical or ovoid, while those of odorata are more hemispherical. . bicolor has usually short filaments and blunt opercula. £7. bicolor is usually found on flats liable to floods; /. odorata prefers drier situations.
2. With E. hemiphloia, F.v.M.
The likeness of JL. bicolor to BH. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var. microcarpa, Maiden, when herbarium specimens are alone available, is often very striking and sometimes deceived Mueller. The timbers at once separate them, that of #. hemiphloia being pale and that of J. bicolor being red. The variety microcarpa has clean limbs, while #. bicolor has rougher; the former has erect branches, while those of the latter are drooping or scrambling. The leaves of var. mcrocarpa are green, while those of /. bicolor are more glaucous, and with the intra-marginal vein further from the edge. The fruits of var. microcarpa are often slightly angled at the calyx, and less sessile.
3. With FL. microtheca, F.v.M.
The habit, foliage, bark, and timber of the two species are often very similar. ‘The fruits are very different; the valves of those of 2. microtheca being exserted. Both timbers are red, but where they grow together the timber of Fi. microtheca is reputed less durable, softer and more faulty than that of #. bievlor. The bark of #. bicolor usually covers the branches more than in the case of i. microtheca,
13 4. With FE. melliodora, A. Cunn.
The colour and shape of leaves closely resemble those of 2. melliodora at a distance, but the sucker-leaves distinguish them, being long narrow-lanceolar in E. bicolor and oblong-ovate in #. melliodora. ‘The pendulous habit and even the buds help to show the similarity. The sapwood of #. melliodora is yellow, and the timber pale.
5. With FE. crebra, F.v.M. The similarity of this species to ‘E. bicolor is sometimes marked, particularly in Queensland specimens. With typical erebra the confusion could never arise in the field as it is an
Ironbark, but as the tropics are approached Ironbarks lose some of their character- istics and more closely approximate to the Red Boxes such as #. bicolor.
14
DESCRIPTION: XLII. FE. hemiphloia, F.v.M.
FrRaGM. ii. 62 is quoted by Mueller himself (Census) as the description of his species, and following is a translation of the quotation itself. (It is a paragraph under the heading of H. persicifolia on the previous page.)
E. hemiphloia and E. leptophleba* remain over of the nearly allied species which I have examined. I have received a similar species, if not a variety more or less allied to Z. leucoxylon, from various localities in New England, N.S.W. They are distinguished, it would appear, by really chartaceous leaves, the intra-marginal veins of which are very close to the edge, or at least not frequently far removed from it, by the pedicels thickened into the very slightly angular calyx-tube, by the conical operculum, shorter and paler, less coriaceous and hardly acuminate, not equal to the width of the calyx-tube, by the smaller anthers rather sub-globose or quadrate-ovate, by the slightly dilated stigma and the 4- to €-celled capsules.
This shares the name “ Ironbark tree ” with that Eucalypt distributed hy Sieber under the number 468 (this is #. paniculata, Sm.—J.H.M.,) with which it exactly agrees. Both should perhaps be combined. and probably represent the true 2. resinifera.
This is a very cryptic description of a species and one would not have been surprised if one had heard nothing further of it. As a matter of fact, Mueller omitted both hemiphloia and leptophleba from the “ Index generum et specierum in volumine secundo descriptorum”’ (p. 184) of the same volume (Frag. ii).
So far as I know, one does not hear of #. hemiphloia again until Bentham described the species in B.FI. iii, 216 (1866), which, as far as I can see, was really a nomen nudem in 1861-2 (date of publication of Hragm ii).- Mueller subsequently figured and described 2. hemiphloia in the “ Eucalyptographia.”
The passage I have translated is a conundrum, and not on a par with Mueller’s usually good work. [Hn parenthése, the ‘similar species” (query to “* HB. hemiphloia and EH. leptophleba ? ), and which, according to Mueller’s reference in the Census is . hemiphloia, is apparently a New England ironbark, and one of its characters is “the conical operculum . . . . not equal to the width of the calyx-tube.” The specimen before Mueller appears not to be in existence, but the few words apply with special appropriateness to my ZH. Caleyi.] Bentham’s description is, however, perfectly clear, except as regards the mix-up with the South Australian specimens (see p. 15).
Notes Supplementary to the Description.
Besides the normal form, there are two well-marked forms, viz., var. albens and var. microcarpa. They have, inter alia, the following characters in common :—
1. Broadness of juvenile foliage.
* Previously described by Mueller in Proc. Linn. Soc. iii., 86 (1859), from the Gilbert River, Queensland. In the same paper pp. 99, 100, he had established a section of Eucalyptus which he called ‘‘ Hemiphloiz,” but there is no mention of an @. hemiphloia.
15
bo
. Ureeolate shape of fruit, and well-defined rim in immature fruits (see figures 11 and 22, Plate 50).
3. Angularity of the fruit, usually a sign of immaturity (see figures 17 and 21b,
Plate 50, and 2, Plate 51).
4. Variation in the size of the fruits, even on the same tree. . Paniculate inflorescence (see figures 9 and 20a, Plate 50).
. Bracts, or double opercula.
“I @® or
. Valves of fruit much sunk.
RANGE.
MUELLER did not originally publish a locality for his type.
Bentham (B.FI. ii, 217), doubtless guided by Mueller, gives the following localities :—
Parramatta, New South Wales, ‘“ Box-tree’’ (Woolls); Moreton Bay, Queensland, ‘‘ Box-tree”” (F. Mueller). ;
Specimens from these localities precisely tally with the form figured by Mueller as hemiphioia in his ** Eucalyptographia,” and I think we can accept his figure as representing the type without any doubt.
Bentham adds the South Australian localities (all of which I have visited for the purpose of Eucalyptus investigation), Memory Cove and Kangaroo Island (R. Brown); Port Lincoln (Wilhelmi). There is no form of hemiphloia there ; at all events, diligent search on my part failed to find any, but that plant which I have named #. odorata, var. purpurascens (see p. 29), and which was referred to as E. hemiphloia by Mueller, is abundant, and this is doubtless the ‘ hemiphloia” referred to by Bentham.
I do not know of any South Australian locality for the typical form of E. hemiphioia. Victorian specimens, in their variety microcarpa, closely approach the normal form ; indeed, some specimens from Sheepwash, Bendigo, can scarcely be separated from the Parramatta, or normal form, specimens. The typical form appears to be, however, mostly confined to eastern New South Wales and Queensland, but further collecting is necessary yet.
New SovutH WALES.
Rhodes, Sydney (H. Deane); the southern suburbs of Sydney generally ; Bankstown (R. H. Cambage); Bankstown and Cabramatta (J. L. Boorman) ; Parramatta (Dr. Woolls), a type locality ; Campbelltown (J. V. Alkin); Narellan (J. Mitchell) ; Pitt Town Settlement (J. V. de Coque); Windsor (J. S. Allan) ; Blacktown (R. T. Baker).
16
All the above are practically from the Parramatta district, and may be looked upon as typical. The fruits from Windsor vary in size, some of them being as small as those of var. microcarpa.
Northern Localities—Glendon, Singleton (Leichhardt); Paterson River (J. L. Boorman) ; Booral to Gloucester, 60 feet 10 inches, on low clayey soil (A. Rudder).
Often called “Forest Box,” to distinguish it from the ‘‘ Brush Box” (Tristania conferta). Raymond Terrace, vid Stroud and Gloucester, to Taree. I did not again notice it on the coast road. ‘The straightness of the stems of this tree is worthy of note.—(J.H.M.)
“Gum-top Box,” “ Mountain Box,” “Green Top,” Bulliac Ranges or Tops, Barrington River, Gloucester (W. H. Etheridge).
Eucalyptus virgata, Sieber, Hunter River, New South Wales, Wilkes, U.S. Expl. Exped., 1838-42 (Botany, Asa Gray, i, 553), No. 25,503 U.S. Nat. Herb. is E. hemiphloia, F.v.M.; Port Macquarie (Forest Ranger Wilson) ; Casino (District Forester Pope) ; Unumgar Station, Upper Richmond (W. Forsyth); Drake (E. C. Andrews); Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range, “ White, Grey, or Gum-top Box” (W. Dunn). Some specimens show transit to var. microcarpa.
(QJUEENSLAND.
Toowong, Brisbane, and Dinmore (IF. M. Bailey); “ Gum-top Box,” Mary- borough (W. H. Williams) ; “Gum-top Box,” north of Rockhampton (A. Murphy) ; also west of Rockhampton, e.g. Duaringa and Wallaroo (J.H.M.); Herbert Creek (Bowman).
The first two are co-type localities : the specimens from all the localities are similar to typical hemiphloia, which is remarkably uniform in coastal Queensland.
aN aa Ss
1. With EF. Bosistoana. See p. 4. 2. With E£. odorata.
4. hemiphloia recedes from £. odorata in the external paleness of the persistent portion of its bark, in the more extensive secession of the bark from the branches, in the broader leaves of thicker consistence with less spreading and less copious veins and less distinguishable oil-dots, in not usually solitary axillary umbels, often more acute lid and more deeply inserted valves of the fruit. The reliability of these distinctions should be further traced in South Australia, wherever the two species grow promiscuously. —(‘ Eucalyptographia ” under 2. hemiphiloia).
The rim round the orifice of the fruit cannot be used as a specific difference between these two species ; it is abundant enough in #. hemiphloia from the County of Cumberland, N.S.W,, hundreds of miles from the nearest locality ever attributed
17
to odorata. This rim is especially evident in young fruits of both species ; indeed it is found in a number of other species also.
E. hemiphloia, as compared with #. odorata, has broad, usually larger and coarser, dull foliage, also pale filaments, but they appear to go darker with age. There appear to be no pink filaments in any form of H. hemiphloia. Venation more spreading from the base; marked rim in immature fruit; fruits sub-cylindrical, and greater angularity of the fruit in #. hemiphloia.
The inflorescence in ZH. odorata is either not paniculate or that character is rare.
I doubt, however, whether it be possible, without botanically perfect material to in all cases separate LE. hemiphloia from H. odorata. E. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var. microcarpa, and EH. odorata, var. Woollsiana, are the two varieties of the respective species which approach each other closest.
Var. microcarpa, Maiden.
The first use of this name was as follows :—
The confusion between these two species (£. Behriana, F.v.M. and £. hemiphloia, F.v.M.) has been already referred to. It occurs with the small-fruited variety of hemiphloia, which in many herbaria goes under the name of parviflora. This in itself would be an appropriate name, but one at least of the specimens tentatively so named by Bentham (B.FI. iii, 217) is an Ironbark. I therefore propose for the small-fruited variety of hemiphloia, so extensively distributed over the greater part of the range of the species, the name of 2. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var. microcarpa. It is synonymous with #. Woollsiana R. T. Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., xxv, 684; R. H. Cambage, ib., 714.—(Proc. Royal Soc., S.A., 1901 (1902); p. 11).
Then in Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S. W., 1902, 523, in referring to its affinity with EL. bicolor, A. Cunn. In my ‘“ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” i, 131, there is a reference only. A fourth reference is :—
_E. Woollsiana has the numerous fine oil-dots of #. odorata, a character it shares with #. hemiphloia, var. microcarpa, Maiden. The inclusion of 4. Woollsiana in this variety (Zrans. Roy. Soc. S.A., 1902, p. 11) is perhaps erroneous. Certainly it is very close to hemiphloia, var. microcarpa, and some botanists may consider it to be nearer to that species that to LH. odorata, New South Wales (Proc. Roy, Soc., S.A., 1903, 245).
Through some inadvertence the variety does not seem to have been formally defined. I therefore proceed to define it.
Di sChir iON.
A medium-sized or large tree, rather erect in habit, known usually as “Grey Box” or ‘ Box.” Bark.—Sub-fibrous, rather compact, and greyish or whitish on the trunk; the limbs smooth.
Timber.—Pale coloured or light brown; rather interlocked.
. 18
Juvenile leaves.—Glaucous, equally pale green on both sides, broadly ovate, tapering to a blunt point, commonly 3 inches long by 1? inches broad, with a slightly twisted petiole of } to inch. Oil-dots obvious, venation faint though distinct, spreading, with the intramarginal vein a considerable distance from the edge.
Mature leaves.—Coriaceous, equally green on both sides, of egg-shell lustre, sometimes dull, lanceolate, slightly oblique, commonly 4 inches long by 1 inch broad, venation not very distinct, spreading, the intramarginal vein not very close to the edge.
Buds.—The operculum and calyx alike conoid and of approximately equal dimensions.
Flowers.—Profusely borne in panicles, three to seven or more, borne on a common peduncle. Anthers with filaments at base and with pores near the top. A small gland near the top. These anthers may be termed ‘“semi-terminal.” In an anther of this class back and front are much alike. The anthers of all forms of hemiphloia appear to be identical. Stigma a little dilated.
Fruit.—Sub-cylindrical and the valves well sunk ; the shape of that of the normal species, but in other respects not different.
Type, Gulgong, N.S.W., in National Herbarium, Sydney,
SYNONYM.
E. Woollsiana, R. T. Baker, partim. “The Woollsiana No. 2” of J. H. Maiden. Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., xxix, 764.
CAVING
As a very general rule this form occurs in “ dry country ” localities, but it also occurs in the coast-belt, e.g ,on mountains in the Gloucester district, New South Wales, also in the Macpherson Range, and coastal Queensland.
It seems to be most abundantly diffused in New South Wales, but it is common in Victoria, and will probably be found in Queensland.
VICTORIA.
The “Grey Box” is met with in two varieties (a) in the northern and north-eastern districts. It is a principal constituent of the State forests and timber reserves in the neighbourhood of Bendigo, Maryborough, Wedderburn, and Heathcote, and is a useful and durable timber, but it has a fault in being, when of any size, almost invariably pipy and hollow.—(A. W. Howitt’s ofticial unpublished Report, 1895.)
The form (a) is var. microcarpa, and the second variety is var. albens.
I have seen specimens from the following localities :—Campbellfield and Warrandyte, Upper Yarra (C. Walter). ‘‘ Grey Box,’ Tatura, Goulburn Valley (J. M. Griffiths); “Grey Box,’ Goulburn Valley (Sylvester Browne) ; head of Loddon and Avoca (W. K. Bissill), Melbourne Herbarium. Mueller labelled this specimen ‘‘ #. hemiphloia,a form verging to #. Behriana,” and a similar specimen, “ HE. Behriana, transit to #. hemiphloia,’ Heathcote (W. 8. Brownscombe, 17a) ; Bendigo (W. W. Froggatt); Maryborough; Rushworth; our common box tree found nearly all over Victoria (J. Blackburne) ; Benalla and Kerang (A. W. Howitt),
19
New Soutu WALEgs.
Deniliquin (District Forester O. Wilshire) ; ‘ Black Apple,” ‘“ Red Apple,” (ste) Narrandera (late Forester Condell); Wagga Wagga (J.H.M.); “Grey or White Box,’ Wyalong (District Forester Arthur Osborne); Young (J.H.M.) ; Tumut, near the normal form (Forester Mecham); ‘‘ Narrow Leaf White Box,” clean limbs; Cudal (Rk. H. Cambage); “ Box,” clean limbs, coarse foliage, Mt. McDonald (R. H. Cambage) ; ‘“‘ Black Box,’ Wongajong, Forbes; also Parkes (P. Holdsworth) ; ‘* White Box,” Forbes to Eugowra (R. H. Cambage); “ Narrow- leaved Box,” crows on swampy ground; Krowther (H. Deane); near Murga (H. Deane); * White Box,” clean limbs, Mt. Hope Road, Huabalong (R. H. Cambage) ; Condobolin-Euabalong Road (J.H.M.); Condobolin (W. Baeuerlen.) E. Woollsiana, R. T. Baker, partim. The EH. Woollsiana, No. 2 of my paper in Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., p. 764, (1904) ; Nyngan (Forester Martin) ; “ Coolibah,”’ Murrumbidgerie (A. Murphy); Tomingley to Narromine, coarse foliage, also with narrower leaves (J.H.M.); “ Box”? Minore (J. L. Boorman); Mudgee (H. Deane) ; * Box or White Box,’ Gulgong (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman). This specimen I take as the type.
“ Mountain Box.” Rough bark on trunk and limbs. Bulliac tops, Gloucester (W. H. Etheridge).
A EN PDE S:
1. With £. Behriana, F.v.M.
As showing how difficult it sometimes is to deal with closely related forms, I have two specimens, apparently identical, sent by W. K. Bissill, of near Bendigo, Victoria, to the Melbourne Herbarium at different times. Mueller labelled one * BH. hemiphloia, a form verging to Behriana,” and the other “ #. Behriana, transit to HL. hemiphioia.” I have also specimens, apparently identical, from the Mallee country of Victoria, labelled variously by Mueller #. hemiphloia, HB. Behriana, and E. largiflorens (bicolor). All these are Mueller’s own species, and I can give no better illustration of the way in which it is sometimes difficult to discriminate between species from herbarium material alone. (See Part X p. 337, vol. 1 of this work.)
2. With F. bicolor. See p. 12. 3. With £. populifolia, Hook.
E. populifolia has usually egg-shaped or “ poplar” leaves, which, as a rule, are different enough from those of var. microcarpa as it is commonly observed in western New South Wales, but lanceolate leaves are marked in specimens of E. populifolia, from various localities. It is, in fact, strange as it may at first
appear, not always easy to separate var. microcarpa from H. populifolia, not only D
20
as regards narrow-leaved forias, but as regards those that are broad-leaved. The leaves of H#. populifolia have usually a wavy margin, and are usually, perhaps always, shiny, unless they have been collected wet. The venation of . populifolia is usually more prominent. ‘The timber and bark of the two trees are often a good deal alike. The fruit of EZ. pupulifolia is quite small, and is not constricted at the orifice as in BL. hemiphloia and its forms.
Var. albens, F.v.M.
SY N@NYaviS: 1. £. albens, Miq.
2. EH. pallens, Mig., non DC. This is Mueller’s statement :—
The name of E. albens only arose from a misprint of £. pallens, and was first promulgated without any diagnosis, and the specific designation is apt to mislead, as the whitish hue, significant of EH. albens, and for which it is called ‘“ White Box tree,” occurs only in a particular variety, chiefly of the western interior (probably South Australia is referred to.—J.H.M.) where even this characteristic is often not more remarkable than in several other congeners.—(Mueller in “ Eucalyptographia,” under L£. hemiphloia.)
Following is Miquel’s statement :—
35. Hucalyptus albens, D.C. Prodr. l.c. 219, n. 30. E. dealbata, A. Cunning. mss. Schauer in Walp. Rep. ii. p. 924 (?).
30oker (Broken, J.H.M.) river (F. Mill.). ‘Box tree colonorum. A pago Clairvillage ad m. Remarkable, arbor 50-60 pedalis coma squarrosa, sylvas constituens (F. Miill.).”—(Miquel, in Ved. Kruidk. Arch. iv, 138 (1856).
Following is one of the specimens seen by Miquel :—
on~
“35. Buc. dealbata, A.C. Mt. Remarkable F. M. in Herb. Sonder.” This was changed to £. albens, DC., by Miquel. ‘This specimen is in the Melbourne Herbarium, and is L. hemiphloia, var. albens.
Specimens labelled “ . pallens, DC. Broken River,” in Mueller’s hand- writing in Herb. Kew, are #. hemiphiloia, var. albens. These specimens are evidently the co-types of those referred to by Miquel above.
Let us now turn to #. pallens, DC. Prod. iii, 219.
Miquel calls his plant “. albens, quoting the above reference, and also De Candolle’s sequence number (30) of the species. So that there is no doubt as to the plant referred to. But there is no #. albens, in the Prodromus, the plant being L. pallens, DC., and the type Sieber’s Pls. Hrs. No. 606. I have seen specimens of Sieber’s plant (I indeed have small pieces), and an excellent photograph of the Prodromus type is, through the kindness of M. Casimir De Candolle, before me as | write.
T have figured it at Plate 7, Part IL of this work, and have also described it at page 57 of the same Part. I have there referred it to #. obliqua, L’ Hérit., which is probably as nearly as ever we shall get (from the material available). In my view, it is not a form of FB. hemiphloia, F.v.M,
21 Miquel has made the further mistake of synonymising his plant with #. dealbata, A. Cunn.
The position therefore is this: Mueller’s specimens from Booker (Broken) River and from Clairvillage (Clare) to m. (Mount) Remarkable (South Australia) were sent to Miquel, who named them #. albens, thinking he was referring them to E. pallens, DC., which was a mistake. Referring them to #. dealbata, A. Cunn., is another mistake. This was in 1856.
In 1866, adopting Mueller’s views at that time, Bentham (B.Fl, 11, 219) accepted the name #. albens, Miq.
In 1880 Mueller, in “ Eucalyptographia,’ Fifth Decade, specifically suppresses #7. albens, placing it under 2. hemiphloia, which opinion he maintained in his “ First Census” (1882) and his ‘‘ Second Census” (1889). He maintained that view to the close of his life, and, having given special attention to the matter, both in the herbarium and in the field, I think it is impossible to justify their separation as distinct species.
Is E. hemiphloia F.v.M., conspecific with E. albens, Migq. ?
I have just stated that I do not think they can be separated. At the same time, I readily admit that they are often different in appearance, chiefly because of the greater glaucousness of var. albens, but this character and also that of habit of tree, shape and size of fruit, are not constant, breaking down when carefully looked into. The composition of the oils of the two forms is the same (Baker and Smith), but these authors state that ‘in the field the two trees are never confounded,” which begs the question.
As regards the two forms, Mueller, who established them, says :
E. albens can be distinguished from the typical EZ. hemiphloia only in perhaps more extensively persistent bark, in paler dull foliage and chalky white bloom on the panicles, and in calyces somewhat larger and tapering more gradually into a thicker stalklet.—(‘ Hucalyptographia,” under E. hemiphloia).
Attention may be invited the following specimens which in my view break down the line of demarcation between H. hemiphloia and EH. albens. See also some notes under “ Range.”
(a) “Large-leaved Box’; bushmen call the tree, which is not plentiful, “Black Box,” because of its dark bark. Bendigo, also Rushworth, Victoria (J. Blackburne.) These specimens closely resemble the normal hemiphloia ; the fruits are those of the type, as fig. 2d, plate 50, shows. At the same time the angularity of the buds is reminiscent of var. albens, but the fruits are smaller, and have no glaucousness, like var. albens.
(6) Young, N.S.W.(W. W. Froggatt). Specimens glaucous, and if the fruits were of larger size they would be named var. albens without question, but, although the /ruits are not quite ripe, it does not appear that they will be larger than EL. hemiphloia typica.
22
(c) “ White Box,” Grenfell, N.S.W. (Forest Ranger Postlethwaite, District Forester Arthur Osborne, R. H. Cambage). These specimens show only a trace of glaucousness ; the fruits are those of normal hemiphioia. Typical variety albens is common at Grenfell. ‘Grey Vox,” Balranald (G. 8S. M. Grant), and “ White Box,” Tomingley Creek, Dubbo district, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage), have fruits more spherical than those of hemiphloia typica, and appear to be intermediate between
that and var. albens.
(d) “ Black Box” (bark seems normal] colour, but the comparison is with var. albens. J.H.M.) On low flats, not seen on hills. Merrindee, between Mudgee and Wellington, N.S.W. (A. Murphy). These specimens very much resemble the Murrurundi specimens below. The Merrindee specimens have slightly glaucous juvenile foliage; I have no juvenile foliage of the Murrurundi specimens.
The Merrindee specimens would be labelled hemiphloia typica if found on the coast. Some of the fruits are small, as those of specimens included under var. microcarpa ; so indeed are some of the coast (typical locality) specimens.
(e) A White Box from Gulgong (J. L. Boorman), ‘ plentiful all over the low- lands of this district,” adds another to forms of #. hemiphloia. Compared with typical var. albens its fruits are smaller, its pedicels are absent, and it is markedly constricted at the orifice, giving the fruits a distinctly ovoid appearance. Specimens from other districts connect absolutely with the type.—( Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1904, pp. 760-1).
(f) Coarse buds and leaves, but no sign of glaucousness. Hunter’s Vale, near the source of the Hunter; also Murrarundi, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.).
These specimens appear to show transit to var. albens.
(g) ‘* Box,” Narrabri (J.H.M.). The remarks I have made under Bendigo and Grenfell largely apply here. I refer these specimens to 1. hemiphloia, near the type, but state that they display some local variation owing to a drier climate.
All these transit specimens are from interior localities in contradistinetion to the coastal localities of HL. hemiphloia, and the variation displayed appears to be simply referable to the influence of environment. #. hemiphloia comprises innumerable individuals extending over enormous areas in South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland, and that there are various forms is not surprising.
KAUN Gale
THis variety is found in South Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales. It avoids the coast (except in South Australia), and is what is generally termed a “dry country” form. At the same time on the Snowy River, and in some other
23
places, it is found in country with good rainfall. It does not appear to have been hitherto recorded for Queensland, which seems strange. It is worth looking for in the Stanthorpe district, and on the Macintyre River, for example.
E. albens, Miquel (given as a synonym of £. hemiphloia by Mueller), which occurs near Mount Remarkable, and in some other localities not far from the apex of Spencer’s Gulf (these are South Australian localities—J.H.M.); also inthe vicinity of the Avoca, Loddon, Campaspe, Broken, Ovens, and Snowy Rivers (F.v.M.) ; along the whole valley of the Tambo (Howitt) (these are Victorian localities—J.H.M) ; on the Upper Murrumbidgee in Silurian Shales and Sandstone, also more or less on all geologic formations on the western slope of the Main Dividing Range of New South Wales down to the Tertiary plains (C.8. Wilkinson), verging northward to New England (C. Stuart).—(Mueller in “ Eucalyptographia,” under EB. hemiphloia).
SoutH AUSTRALIA. Wirrabara Forest (spontaneous trees) (W. Gill and J.H.M.); Laura (W. Gill).
The fruits of my South Australian specimens are only of the size of those of normal hemiphloia, but they are glaucous like var. albens usually is. Both of the above are in the Mount Remarkable district (a type locality).
E. hemiphloia.—This species is extensively represented in Gippsland as a mountain form. It occurs, for instance, in the valley of the Tambo River, north of Fainting Range, where it forms the principal part of the forest, from about 750 feet at Numlamungie to 2,500 feet at Tongeo Gap. It is found at Turnback, at the Snowy River, at Deddick, and, more rarely, at Tubbutt.... . (Extract given at p. 25). This form of 2. hemiphloia appears to me to be that variety called 2. albens.—(“ The Eucalypts of Gippsland” (A. W. Howitt), in Zrans. Roy. Soc. Vict., Vol. ii (1890-1), p. 96.)
* Den” or “ Dern”’ of aborigines (Howitt). Again,— This form is distinguished botanically as albens from the ‘“mealy” aspect of its foliage. Grows almost exclusively in the Tambo Valley betweeen the Fainting Range and Bindi, and in the valley of the
Snowy River about Turnback, Deddick, Gutta—Murra, &c. I have also observed it in places in the North-eastern District.—(A. W. Howitt, in an unpublished official Report, 1895.)
The Broken River (a type locality) joins the Goulburn River, and runs into the Murray.
The following Victorian specimens in the National Herbarium, Sydney, are all very glaucous, coarse-leaved, and large-fruited.
Tongio, Gippsland, and Gap Creek, Tongio ; also Rutherglen (A. W. Howitt) ; Ovens River (H. B. Williamson); Huroa district (C. Walter); Heathcote (W. 8S. Brownscombe).
Trees about 60 feet high; stem-diameter near ground, 3 feet. Grows plentifully on road between Heathcote and Rushworth (J. Blackburne.)
Mr. R. H. Cambage has drawn especial attention to the practical importance of the western boundary line in New South Wales of this particular form. It seems to present a very useful climatic boundary to agriculturists, pastoralists, and others, in that it demarcates the western plains from the table-lands.
24,
New Sourn WALEs.
Tumut (A. W. Howitt, W. W. Froggatt, J.H.M.); Albury (A. W. Howitt) ; (I have seen specimens from Tocumwal, labelled ‘‘ White, Silver or Blue Box’’) Wagga Wagga (J.H.M.); Young (J.H.M.); Grenfell, 2 feet diameter, 60 feet high (F. R. Postlethwaite) ; Cowra (J.H.M.); Mount McDonald, 20 miles east of Cowra (R. H. Cambage, J.H.M.); Bowan Park, near Cudal, 70-80 feet high; girth for sound trees 3-4 feet; hollow, 6-8 feet (W. F. Blakeley); Molong (W. 8S. Campbell); Eugowra (P. J. Holdsworth); Parkes (P. J. Holdsworth, J.H.M.); Wellington (W. Woolls) ; Euchareena (J. L. Boorman).
Dubbo “Grey Box, No. 1.” This in no way differs in bark or wood from Dubbo hemiphloia (J. V. de Coque); Minore (J. L. Boorman); Tomingley to Peak Hill (J.H.M.).
Hurley’s Paddock, Campbelltown (J. V. Alkin) ; Bullio to Wombeyan (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).
Barrigan Ranges, Bylong; Talooby (R. T. Baker); Capertee (J. L. Boor- man); Mudgee to Wellington, e.g., Merrindee, &c. (A. Murphy).
Merriwa (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.); Seone (J.H.M.); Nundle and Hanging Rock (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.); Warialda (E. J. Hadley, J. L. Boorman); Inverell (H. Deane, Gordon Stewart); Inverell to Howell (E. C. Andrews).
Narrabri (J.H.M.); Baradine (W. MacDonald) ; Coonabarabran—Baradine road (W. Forsyth). :
I have also seen it from the following localities, but-have no specimens :—
Yass, Mudgee, Orange.
AME UNL IE de Se
1. With £. tereticornis, Sm. var. dealbata (E. dealbata, A. Cunn.).
Both are glaucous, and the venation and shape of the leaves are often much the same. ‘The venation of 2. hemiphloia, var. albens is usually more spreading, and the leaves more lanceolate ; the trees are usually more erect; the fruits are totally different ; the buds are angular. The timber of var. dealbata is red; that of var. albens is pale brown; that of the latter is wooliy fibrous, that of the former is
smooth or ribbony.
2. With F. leucoxylon, F.v.M. The juvenile leaves of #. lewcoxrylon are stem-clasping ; those of var. albens have always a stalk; the venation of the former is more prominent and spreading. They are both glaucous, and their timbers are a good deal alike, but the bark of
25
£. leucoxylon is not fibrous (‘box ”’-like) but smooth or ribbony. The fruits of E. leucoxylon have usually a deciduous rim encircling the orifice, are more hemi- spherical, often warty, and often attain a very much larger size.
3. EF. siderophloia, Benth.
The foliage of this species is not, as a rule, glaucous, but where it occurs in the western districts it is often so, and forms the variety glauca. The juvenile leaves of H. siderophloia are very coarse, the mature leaves are much the same as those of E hemiphloia, var. albens ; the buds of #. siderophloia are ‘ egg-in-egg-cup,” and with a longer operculum ; the fruits of H. siderophloia are smaller and of a different shape, and with exserted valves. As to the trees themselves, H. siderophloia is an Ironbark with red timber, while #. hemiphloia, var. albens is a Box with pale brown timber.
4. FE. polyanthemos, Schauer.
Howitt has already drawn attention to the similarity, ‘‘ when the leaves (or LE. polyanthemos) are not markedly elongated.”
Its characteristics accord entirely with the diagnosis given in the “ Eucalyptographia,” with the exception that the umbels are formed by buds of comparatively large size. The fruit is proportionately large. The bark also extends frequently far up the branches, so that when the leaves are not markedly elongated, this tree resembles, as I have already said, at first sight, the mountain form of #. polyanthema. Yet, so far as I have observed, the two species are sharply marked off from each other.—( Howitt, the abstracted paragraph referred to at p. 23).
The timber of #. polyanthemos is red, the fruits are smaller and of a different shape. I think the chief resemblance of the two trees hes in their glaucousness.
26
DESCRIPTION XLIV. EF. odorata, Behr and Schlechtendal.
ORIGINALLY described by Behr and Schlechtendal in Linnea xx, 547 and 567 (1847). See also Mueller in Fragm. ii, 66 (1860).
Then Mueller has a plate in “ Plants Indigenous to the Colony of Victoria. (Lithograms, 1864-5.) Supplementary plate xvii,” labelled #. odorata. The anthers are, however, not those of H. odorata, but of H. melliodora. No juvenile foliage is shown, nor is the origin of the specimen indicated. The twig might do alike for #. odorata or for 2. melliodora, as the differences between the two species are not brought out.
Then Bentham (B.FI. ii, 215) described the species in English, and Mueller subsequently described and figured it (rather diagramatically) in the * Eucalyptographia.”
The original description, by Behr and Schlectendal, is in Latin, of which the following is a translation. ‘The portion [ | is in German.
Branches elongated, glabrous in all parts, the young ones angular (angles two, starting from the base of the petiole and becoming much more prominent upwards), the old ones terete, with a greenish-
brown bark.
The umbels shortly pedunculate, and springing from the axils of the leaves which have heen shed or more rarely persist from the past year; the peduncle from + to } inch long, bearing six to fifteen flowers on short pedicels ; the pedicels about a line long, thick and angular, passing by degrees into the tube of the calyx, about 2 lines long, the top cylindrical, the whole fruit obconical in shape, the operculum scarcely 14 lines long, bluntly conical. The stamens arranged in several rows, at first with the filamentg bent, finally 1$ lines long. The style terminated by a flattened stigma, sometimes below the edge of the calyx, sometimes more or less emerging from it. Leaves oblong (with the petiole 3-44 inches long) slightly oblique, scarcely ever curved, narrowing at the base into the petiole, with the top blunt and then sometimes mucronate or acute or continued into a short point, uniformly glaucous, with numerous oil-dots, the margin of a paler colour and slightly thickened, with a netted venation prominent on both sides (in dried specimens), the primary veins forming an intramarginal vein, the space between margin and vein venulose. More often the leaves are irregularly lobed (sic), with one or other of the lobules very blunt at the side or meeting towards the top. (‘‘Saepius folia irregulariter lobata apparent, lobulo uno alterove obtusissimo in latere vel apicem versus occurente,” in the original. I have not noticed lobing in this species.—J.H.M.)
[Moderate-sized tree fairly common on dry spots and light soil. It exudes a gum which might be used like gum-kino. Its leaves are filled with abundant volatile oil and smell strongly when it is inclined to rain. The stem is rough as it does not shed the bark. (Peppermint of the Colonists.) ]
1. Typiea. Following is a type specimen :— Eucalyptus odorata, Behr and Schlecht. (sine nom. ex herb., Behr), Light’s
Pass, Sandberg, Nov. Holl. Austr., Dr. Ferd. Miller.’ (Copy of label in herb. Melb. in Mueller’s handwriting.)
An identical specimen is labelled “uc. odorata, var. erythrostoma, Light’s Pass.”
27
It may be described in the following words :—
A shrub or medium-sized tree ; rarely a very large tree. Sometimes Mallee-like, but not a true Mallee.
Bark.—It is often of that peculiar character known as “ Peppermint.” It is very commonly intermediate in character between that of an Ironbark anda Box, hence the name ‘ Ironbark Box,” which is sometimes applied to it in New South Wales, and which is descriptive. The height to which the scaly or sub-fibrous bark occurs up the trunk varie,
Timber.—This varies somewhat ; but it is brown in colour, hard, and inlocked.
Juvenile leayes.— Rather narrow, from linear to brvadly lanceolate; dull, often glaucous or bluish green.
Mature leayes.—Lanceolate, nearly symmetrical, up to 4 inches long and about half an inch in greatest width, equally green on both sides, sometimes dull, often glaucous or bluish green.
The midrib sometimes sunk, giving the upper face a somewhat channelled appearance. Venation not always prominent, spreading ; the intramarginal vein sometimes a considerable distance from the edge.
Buds.—tThe calyces and buds angular, the calyces tapering gradually to the common peduncle ; the operculum oyoid and the shape of the whole bud clavate.
Flowers.— Usually 5 to 7 in the head. The filaments often drying reddish ; the anthers opening by nearly terminal pores, sometimes their widest opening being towards the base of the anther; a small gland at the top of the anther ; the stigma enlarged.
Fruits.—Small, subcylindrical, or hemisvherical, spreading at the mouth. More or less angular, sometimes nearly sessile as regards the pedicels.
Notes supplementary to the Description.
First, as regards Spencer’s Gulf, S.A. Specimens from Mt. Remarkable, near Melrose, have larger cylindrical fruits. Those from Flinders Range, near Quorn, have leaves sometimes shiny, fruits shiny, buds and young fruits glaucous.
The type of #. cajuputea has the leaves rather shiny. Sometimes the venation is well marked, indeed so marked as to approach that of var. calcicultriz. The width of the leaves varies.
Then, as regards the Adelaide district, we have cylindrical fruits; and broader leaves from the Mt. Lofty Range; fruits shiny, and sucker leaves mucronate, at Kapunda. At National Park, near Adelaide (W. Gill), we have specimens with juvenile leaves nearly orbicular !
SYNONYMS.
THIS is a very abundant species, and very variable. It has rather a complicated synonymy. Typica. 1. EF. cajuputea, F.v.M. 2. EF. odorata, Behr., var. erythrostoma, F.v.M.
28
1. 7. Bue. cajuputea, Ferd. Mill., Herb. ramulis tenuibus superne acutangulis, foliis inearibus apice acuminate vulgo sphacelatis, basi in petiolum brevum tortum attenuatis ut plurimum falcatis, coriaceis, costa tenui subtusparumper prominente, venis adscendentibus obtectis, una utrinque e basi subdistincta, umbellis axillaribus et lateralibus, 3-7—-vulgo 5 floris, floribus breviter pedicellatis, operculo conico non mucronato calycis tubum obconicum fere aequante.
Flinders Range (F. Miller).
Petioli circiter 3 lin., folia 24-43 poll. longa, 2-4 vulgo 3 lin. lata. Pedunculi 2-3 lin. longi; pedicelli 1-1} lin. longa, ancipites vel tetraquetri. Calycis tubus 1$—-2 lin. quandoque subanceps. (Mig. in Ved. Kruidk. Arch., iv, 126, 1856.)
I have a specimen of the type. ‘‘Mt. Remarkable, F. Mueller, 1851.” With narrow lanceolate leaves, venation hardly observable. Labelled odorata, both by Mueller and Bentham.
2. E. odorata, Behr., var. erythrostoma, F.v.M. (ante p. 26). A type specimen is identical with one labelled :—
“ Buc. odorata, var. erythrostoma. Madam Pepperweath, Light’s Pass.” Copy of a label in Miquel’s handwriting in Herb. Melb.
It is one of the specimens labelled “ Madam Pepperweath,” by Miquel, a mistaken reading by him for “in modum Peppermenth, or like peppermint,” as pointed out under LZ. incrassata, in B.FI. ii, 231.
Varieties. i. Var. caleicultrix, Miq. Size, bark, and timber like that of the type.
Juvenile leayes.—Sometimes glaucous, veins very prominent, often triplinerved, with the lateral veins nearly as prominent. Broadish ovate, say 1} inches long by 1 inch wide, but variation in width remarkable.
Mature leayes.—Sap-green in colour, thinnish, and with rather prominent oil-dots. Well-marked (2. loxophlebalike) venation, intramarginal vein at a considerable distance from the edge. Colour bright, often sap-green. An average size is 3 inches long and } inch broad, with a petiole of half an inch.
Buds.—Scarcely angular, but showing angularity somewhat, each on a tapering stalk, and the cluster on a common pedicel of half an inch.
Flowers.— Usually four to six in the head ; anthers same as the type.
Fruits.-—Pedicellate, almost ovate; sometimes markedly pear-shaped. Valves usually six, and deeply sunk. Rim of fruit often accentuated like that of 2. lewcorylon and L. melliodora. A quarter of an inch long.
Notes Supplementary to the Description.
Specimens from Spencer’s Gulf have broader leaves, and specially shiny foliage; venation well marked. The width of leaves varies. When growing close to the sea they are sometimes very coarse.
Koch’s No. 588, Flinders Range specimen, has leaves less shiny.
Juvenile leaves (on same tree) from narrow to very broad, and green. The buds are sometimes with a hemispherical operculum. Filaments paler. Larger
fruits, often with marked rim. Mount Brown Forest Reserve, Flinders Range, has fruits large, more pear-shaped, and the orifice smaller,
SY NON Y Ms.
1. E. ealeicultrix, F.v.M. 2. H. porosa, F.v.M. 3. FE. leucoxylon, F.v.M., var. pluriflora, F.v.M.
1. Var. caleicultriz? (£. calcicultrix, F. Miill., Herb. et adnot.); foliis tenuioribus elliptico-vel oblongo-lanceolatis extenuato-apiculatis, adspectu subtrinerviis, 2-31 poll. longis. Locis calcareis ad Adelaide Nov. Holl. Austr. (F.M.). (Mig. in Wed. Kruidk. Arch., iv, 129, 1856.)
Following are specimens of the type :—
Euc. calcicultrix, F.M. (odorata), Nr. Adelaide (Herb. Melb.).
13. Eucalypt. odorata, Behr, var. calcicultriz, Adelaide. FI. hieme., F. Miiller. (Copy of a label by Miquel in Herb. W. Sonder in Herb. Melb.)
2. EF. porosa, Miq.
19. Eucalyptus porosa, Ferd. Miill., ramulis tenuibus teretibus superne saltem leviter angulatis, foliis longuiscule petiolatis e basi acuta subzequali Janceolatis vulgo falcatis attenuato-acuminatis coriaceis glanduloso-perforatis nitidulis venis patule adscendentibus prominentibus tenere reticulatis ante marginem unitis, pedunculis axillaribus et lateralibus petiolo duplo brevioribus 4-6 floris, floribus subsessilibus, calycis tubo viridi obconico-obovato operculum conico-semiglobosum lutescens equante vel subsuperante.
Tn monte Kaisersstuhl Nove Holl. austr., ab estate ad autumnum florens, Flinders Range, F.M.
Euc. stricte, Sieb. affinis. Petioli $-fere 1 poll longi. Folia 3-4 poll. longa. Pedunculi 2 lin., alabastra operculata circiter equantes. Foliorum venis valde distinctis ab Z. santalifolia, cui ceteroquin haud absimilis, differt. (Miq. in Ved. Kruidk. Arch., iv, 132.)
19. Hucalyptus porosa, F. Miller. Flinders Range, Dr. F. Miller.’ Copy of label in Herb. W. Sonder, in Herb., Melb.
3. E. lewecoxylon, F.v.M., var. pluriflora, F.M.
Umbellis plerumque five-floris, pedicellis abbreviatis. #. odorata ?, Behr Herb., non in Linnea. Ad. Gawler-town. (Mig. in Ved. Kruidk. Arch., iv.)
Following is a specimen in Herb., Melb. :— * B. leucoxylon, var. pluriflora, Ferd. Mill., in Herb. Behr., Gawler Town, Noy., 1848.”
ii. Var. purpurascens, Maiden, Proc. Roy. Soc. S.A., xxxii, 283 (1908).
A tall shrub or small tree.
Bark and Timber.—The same as in the normal form.
Juvenile leaves.—Petiolate, from nearly obovate to broadly lanceolate, say 24 inches long to half that width. Dull on both sides. Venation spreading ; intramarginal vein a considerable distance from the edge. The intermediate leaves are coriaceous, coarse, and large ; veins strongly marked both on upper and lower surfaces.
Mature leayes,—As leaves reach their maturity they become narrower, 3 to 4 inches long, with a width of half an inca, though broader leaves are not rare on flowering branches. Coriaceous, dull on both sides, or shining on both sides. Venation as in juvenile leaves, but far less conspicuous than in the intermediate stage.
Buds.—Angular, sessile, on a common peduncle of 4 to } inch ; a pale-coloured pointed operculum with a subcylindrical calyx of twice the length.
Flowers.—Colour of flowers white or cream-coloured to pale purplish or pink and crimson. Anthers same as type.
, Fruits.—Subcylindrical, more or less angular, and compressed; sessile on a common angular pedicel. The shape and size of the individual fruits a good deal similar to those of the type.
30
SYNONYMS.
1. E. perforata, F.v.M.
2. E. odorata, Behr, forma angustifolia, F.v.M.
3. E. odorata, Behr, var. erythrandra, F.v.M.
. E. purpurascens (R.Br.), F.v.M.
5. E. Behriana, F.v.M., var. purpurascens, F.v.M.
6. E. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var. purpurascens, Maiden. 7. E. Lansdowneana, Mueller and J. E. Brown.
iS
1. E. perforata, F.v.M.
13. Eucalyptus odorata, Behr. in Linnea, xx, p. 657, n. 178. £. perforata, Ferd. Miill., Herb. olim,, Dombey Bay, forma angustifol. frutex 5-8 pedalis as aquas stagnantes ad fl. Murray passim cerebro ; in terra calcarea undula‘a prope Adelaide (F.M.) ; ad Light’s Pass et Sandberg (Behr).
Cortex ramorum juniorum interdum nigrescit ; pedicelli pedunculique plus minus angulati rugulosi, filamenta denique 2 longa. F. Mill. (Mig. in Ved. Kruidk. Arch., iv, 129.)
Following are specimens of H. odorata collected by Wilhelmi at Dombey Bay :—
“No. 18. Hucal. odorata, Behr, Dombey Bay,” in Herb. Sond.
2. “ Fue. odorata forma angustifolia, Dombey Bay, December, 1851.” The leaves seem to be of normal width.
These specimens are identical with a very small-fruited form of #. odorata, at 10-11 miles (Port Lincoln to Lake Wangary), and also vicinity of Tumby (Dombey) Bay, Spencer’s Gulf.
Tt is asmall-fruited, narrow-leaved, mallee-like form, with pale brown timber and a ribbony, rough butt. Only green fruits and very young buds were collected, but the smallness of the fruits is an additional instance of the variability of the species.
In the original description of #. perforata we have “ Cortex ramorum juniorum interdum nigrescit.”” Compare the ‘‘ Black Mallee” of Adelaide and other localities.
3. E. odorata, Behr, var. erythrandra, F.v.M. Var. erythrandra, Ferd. Mill., filamentis rubris, foliis latioribus, habiter robustiore. Port Lincoln, Nove Holl. austr. frutex 5-6 pedalis (F. Miiller), (Mig. Wed. Krwidk., &c.). Following is a type specimen :— “« BE. odorata, var. erythrandra, Ferd. M. (B. perforata, mihi aut.), Port Lincoln, Ferd. Mill.”
“13. EH. odorata, Behr, var. erythran Ira, F.v.M. Murray, Dr. Behr.”
3l
These two labels in Herb. W. Sonder in Herb., Melb., are on specimens identical in appearance.
4. FE. purpurascens (R.Br.) F.v.M. Collected by Robert Brown at Port Lincoln in 1802, and distributed by the British Museum under No. 4,735. It is in many herbaria under Brown’s name. Afterwards, Mueller adopted the name. TI have seen the type labelled by him “ #. purpurascens, Ferd.M. Scrub of Port Lincoln, 1855. 4-6”. Carl Wilhelmi.” Mueller distributed a number of specimens under that name.
5. EF. Behriana, F.v.M., var. purpurascens, F.v.M. “Flowers larger. Peduncles and calyx angular, the latter fully two lines long. Operculum obtusely conical, but shorter than the calyx-lobe. Stamens purplish. Lake Wangaroo (Wangary.—J.H.M.). Withelmi.” (B.FI. iii, 214).
6. E. hemiphloia, F.v.M. var. purpurascens, Maiden, Proc. Roy. Soc. S8.A., xxvi, 12 (1902).
Mueller’s 2. purpurascens is identical with Bentham’s specimens of ZL. hemi- phloia, F.v.M., referred to in B.FI. i, 217, as “‘ Memory Cove and Kangaroo Island, R. Brown; Port Lincoln, Wilhelm.”
‘fhe same specimen was labelled by Mueller ‘‘ 4. hemiphloia var..; pedicels none; lid short and blunt.”
Loe. cit. 1 suggested that the form be named H. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var.
PUP PUurasceis.
7. E. Lansdowneana, Mueller and J. BE. Brown, in Brown’s ‘‘ Forest Flora of South Australia,” Part 9, t. 31 (1890).
The forms under the above names have puzzled a good many people, because there is absolute transition between white and pink (sometimes deep pink) coloured flowers. The variety is, in my opinion, not a strong one.
All the synonyms, except #. Lansdowneana, are based on material collected in the Port Lincoln district.
Following are field notes, of some value for that reason.
“Red Mallee” seems to be commonest in the Port Lincoln district; it is pink flowering, and very pretty. It is usually a straggling small tree of 10 feet and more, with a stem of 3 or 4 inches. It is certainly not a variety of 2. hemiphloia as has been supposed, from herbarium material.
* Pink Mallee,” for so it is also called, is at Kirton Point much like Z. imerassata, var. dumosa ; it has a small operculum, but this is never grooved, and it is more pointed and less rounded than that of var. dumosu. Pink Mallee is usually more compact in habit than the latter.
32
The pale Pink Mallee occasionally attains the height of a tree, e.g., at Kirton Point, where it is a foot in diameter, and at other places, as much and more. So that in size it does not really differ from the normal form. I cannot see any difference between the Pink Mallee and the tree known as Peppermint (odorata).
It is common for a few miles along the western road from Port Lincoln.
The Peppermint, the Pink Mallee and the “white”? Pink Mallee (that is to say, Mallee that cannot be distinguished from pink except by its white filaments) are all in flower in the same stage at the same time (January, 1907).
At 24 miles on the old road I cut some timber of pink flowering Mallee. It is brown inside. I also cut a piece of white flowering Mallee. I could detect no difference in the two timbers, nor in either of them from that of normal odorata.
Then we have #. Lansdowneana, F.v.M. and J. E. Brown, figured and described as the ‘ Red-flowering Mallee.” It was collected by Mr. Thomas Lansdowne Browne on his Pandura Run in the Gawler Ranges.
In the district where found the species is locally referred to as the “ Red-flowering Mallee,” but
Mr. Browne explains that it is not a Mallee proper, as it rises with one stem only, like any ordinary tree.
It varies in height from 10-16 feet, and is rarely more than 2 inches in diameter. Imperfect
specimens of this species were collected in 1847 near Encounter Bay by C. Stuart; others in 1851 near Port Lincoln by C. Wilhelmi.
Luehmann says ‘‘ 2. Lansdowneana. I have seen neither a specimen nor description, and Tate, who has seen the plant says it is not a tenable species.” (Proc. A.A.A.S., Sydney, 1898, p. 535.)
There is a fragment of the type in the herbarium of the University of Adelaide, which I have seen.
The plant, like the rest of the “Pink or Red Mallee” of Port Lincoln, is referable to #. odorata, of which it is a variety, though not a strong one. The type specimen of 1. Lansdowneana from the Gawler Range is of a deeper purple than I have seen it anywhere else.
iii. Var. Woollsiana, var. nov.
A medium sized tree.
Bark.—Whitish-grey like that of 2. hemiphloia, and persistent as in that species, on the trunk and main branches.
Timber.—Brown coloured and interlocked.
Juvenile leayes.—Linearlanceolate, say 4 inches long and } inch broad, dull on both sides, venation distinct though not conspicuous, except as regards the midrib. Intramarginal vein a little distant from the edge, venation spreading.
Mature leaves.—Narrow lanceolate, say 4 inches long and up to } inch broad, shining or dull- shining (egg-shell lustre) on both sides ; venation as in juvenile leaves.
Buds.—Not angular, with conical operculum, the calyx tapering into the pedicel.
Flowers.—Anthers identical with those of the type ; the stigma slightly dilated.
Fruits.—Small, conoid to subeylindrical, } inch long, tapering to a pedicel rather exceeding that length to a common peduncle of
: Inch ; rim distinct, sometimes white, valves usually 4, well sunk.
35
SYNONYM.
£. Woollsiana, R. 'T. Baker in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxv, 684 (1900), partim ; the “ Woollsiana No. 1” of J. H. Maiden, 7b., xxix, p. 764.
The name variety Woollsiana has been adopted with the desire to com- memorate the name of a man who well deserves this tribute, but I do not shut my eyes to the fact that it is possible that its incautious use may lead to confusion, since the variety Woollsiana is not wholly synonymous with EH. Woollsiana, R. T. Baker. See also 4. hemiphloia, var. microcarpa, p. 17.
RANGE.
(Of species.)
This is an interesting species, described from South Australian specimens collected in 1847, and until a few years ago believed to be endemic to that State.* Since then it has been traced into Victoria and extensively in. New South Wales. It is believed to occur in Queensland, and may yet be found in Western Australia.
In the “ Eucalyptographia,” Mueller recorded it only for South Australia, and doubtfully for Victoria; in the ‘Second Census” he recorded it for South Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales.
The Type Form. SoutH AUSTRALIA.
* No. 178. Eucalyptus odorata, Sud Australie, Dr. Behr, 1848.” (Herb. Barbey-Boissier.) A type specimen.
“One of the common scrub (Adelaide) forms apparently referable to &. odorata. This type is of a dull and bluish type of green, and fairly erect in its general growth ” (W. Gill).
This is the common Adelaide scrub form of H. odorata, sometimes known as “ Biack Mallee.” ‘Of a dull and bluish type of green, and fairly erect in its general growth” (W. Gill). Leaves narrow, fruits in heads.
“ Peppermint,” Adelaide (R. H. Cambage); Mt. Lofty Range (M. Koch) ; National Park, near Adelaide (W. Gill); Frances, 20 miles south of Wolseley (W. Giil).
Light’s Pass, S.A., venation, colour, and texture of leaves precisely similar to that of Tomingley, N.S.W.
* “ #. odorata, from imperfect specimens forwarded to me, appears to exist on the Lachlan (N.S.W.).” ‘A Contribution to the Flora of Australia.” W. Woolls, p. 244 (1867). The clue was not, however, followed up at the time,
34
A specimen in “ Plante Miillerianee, Nov. Holland, meridional,” bearing the words “ Eucalyptus? Arbor, Port Lincoln,” in Miquel’s handwriting is Hue. odorata. (From Herb. Vindob.)
The two following specimens precisely match Adelaide specimens :—
“ Plante Miillerianze, B. and Schlt. (Behr and Schlechtendal), Nov. Holland, meridional, Dombey Bay.” (Examined by Miquel.)
“ Bucalyptus odorata, B. and Schlt., Dombey Bay,” in Herb. Barbey-Boissier, ex herb., Miquel.
They have abundant small fruits, and precisely resemble Adelaide Mallee, and also specimens formerly labelled 2. calcicultrix.
E. odorata, var. cajuputea (H#. cajuputea, F.v.M.), Flinders Range (specimen in Herb. Melb.).
Mr. Walter Gill, the Conservator of Forests of South Australia, writes to me about H. odorata :—
“Tt is growing on the Mount Brown Forest Reserve in the Flinders Range, about 9 or 10 miles south of the town of Quorn. The Reserve is situated about 20 miles a little north-east of Port Augusta. The Flinders Range runs from Quorn south as far as west of Laura. There is a lot of 1. odorata growing round Melrose, the town under Mt. Remarkable, and some of it is very large timber (for odorata). It may be said that the species is general in the southern portion of the State.”
“Peppermint.” Type of Mallee growing in the Flinders Range country, about 10 miles south of Quorn, and just a little north of Mt. Brown.
St. Vincent’s Gulf and upper part of St. Vincent’s Gulf (W. Gill).
“ Peppermint,” Kapunda. ‘‘ A Box tree, very hard wood” (R. H. Cambage).
Kapunda (W. Gill).
Bundaleer Forest (J.H.M.); Scrub between Murray Bridge and Monarto (J. M. Black); Wirrabara Forest Reserve, Mt. Remarkable and Spencer’s Gulf generally (W. Gill); Hog Bay, Kangaroo Island (J.H.M.); Kangaroo Island (J. G. O. Tepper), with rather broad leaves. These two specimens without flowers and may be var. purpurascens.
VICTORIA.
Many of these specimens well show the dilated stigma which Behr gives as a character of the species.
Serviceton, South Australian-Victoria border (R. H. Cambage); Rushworth and Wedderburn (J. Blackburne); Avoca (W. Percy Wilkinson); the Wimmera district, near Nhill (St. Eloy D’ Alton and Walter); the channelling of the leaves is well marked in this specimen. North-west Victoria (C. Walter). Stigma not much dilated, “ Odorata var. floribunda,” Bentham, Yarra (Mueller). Dimboola (St. Eloy D’Alton). Typical var. calcicultrix does not seem to have been collected out of South Australia, but this specimen is very close to it.
35
New Soure Watts.
As regards specimens of “ Box Mallee”’ or “Mallee Box” from Wyalong, received from Arthur Osborne, District Forester, Mr. Osborne makes a distinction between the “ Mallee Box” and the ‘‘ Grey Box” (Z. hemiphloia, var. microcarpa) at the same place.
‘Mallee Box” has a broader or more dilated stigma. (A character of #. odorata. See original description.)
“ Grey Box,’ Moama, with dilated stigma; Parkes district (P. J. Holdsworth) ; Cobar (J. L. Boorman) ; ‘“ Mallee Box,’’ Moondana, Nymagee district (E. F. Rogers) ; “ Narrow-leaved Box,’ Moree (W. 8. Campbell).
i. Variety calcicultrix, F.v.M.
Confined to South Australia, where it is known as “ Peppermint” and * Box Gum.”
Houghton (George McEwen); “Common on the foot-hills near Adelaide. It is Peppermint Gum, and the stunted form (‘ Black Mallee’) appears due to poor stony soil” (J. M. Black); Gawler (F.v.M. His 2. leucorylon, var. pluriflora) ; Cape Jervis, also Port Lincoln to Coffin’s Bay (J.H.M.); York Peninsula (J. G. O. Tepper).
This is another type differing from the Adelaide specimens (3,324/99) in having the colour of the leaves bright sap-green instead of a bluey-green, and having the inflorescence of a far more paniculate and terminal character than the other. Soil dirty cream colour overlaying soft slaty rock of a dull yellow inclining to green, and sometimes also overlaying marl or limestone (W. Gill). Flinders Range to Quorn (Max Koch).
Emu Flat, 90-mile Desert (W. Gill). Marked rim to green fruit. This specimen well exhibits the bright yellow green or sap-green foliage so commonly seen in this species in the interior.
Murray Bridge (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).
ii. Var. purpurascens, Maiden. Confined to South Australia so far as known.
Pandura Run, Gawler Ranges. Habitat of the type of #. Lansdowneana, Mueller and J. E. Brown (Thomas Lansdowne Browne). “ Appears to be confined, so far as the Gawler Ranges are concerned, to the southern watersheds of the water- courses.”
The describers add ‘Imperfect specimens of this species were collected already in 1847 near Encounter Bay by Ch. Stuart, others in 1851 near Port Lincoln by C. Wilhelmi.”
Abundant in the Port Lincoln district, as I have already shown. F
36
iii, Var. Woollsiana, Maiden.
Confined to New South Wales so far as known, but it probably occurs in South Australia, near the New South Wales border.
“Mallee Box” has a thin, tall trunk witha Box bark, ribbony at the branches, which issue at a good height from the ground. It grows amongst other Mallees in dry, stony situations. Mount Boppy, near Cobar (J. L. Boorman). Has very small fruits.
Girilambone to Condobolin (W. Baeuerlen). Suckers of moderate width, broader than those of Narrabri.
Condobolin. “White or Grey Box” with limbs partly white. Gilgandra (both R. H. Cambage).
‘“‘ Narrow-leaved Box.’’ On the plains near Baradine. ‘Large scrub or small tree,” 18 miles from Dubbo (both W. Forsyth); Castlereagh River (Rev. Dr. Woolls), labelled EK. largiflorens (bicolor), by Mueller; ‘‘ Box,” Narrabri, where it is common (J.H.M.). Narrow lanceolate suckers.
Narrabri West. A Box, growing on flats, black soil plains, by side of river ; medium-sized trees; very shiny foliage (J. L. Boorman); Pilliga (J. L. Boorman) is H. odorata with the small fruits of var. Voollsiana; Denman (W. Heron).
ewleley NEE IE] We Sy
1. With £. hemiphloia, F.v.M. See p. 16. 2. With EF. melliodora, A. Cunn.
The affinity of this species to #. melliodora has already been pointed out in the “ Eucalyptographia.” The figure (Suppl. pl. xvii) Mueller’s “ Plants of the Colony of Victoria,” labelled #. odorata, Behr and Schlecht., is, in my opinion i. melliodora, A. Cunn., for reasons stated at page 26. HH. mellivdora is sharply separated by its more drooping habit, pale coloured wood, and the bright yellow colour of the inner bark.
3. With £. bicolor, A. Cunn. See p. 12.
Sometimes the narrow-leaved form of this species, e.g., some of the “ River Box ” about Bourke, simulates #. odorata, var. Woollsiana, a good deal. The resemblance even extends to the small fruits. 2. bicolor, however, has rough bark to the tips of the branches, and the timber is red.
4, With F. lewecoxylon, F.v.M.
fi. odorata may be readily confused with 2. leucorylon as regards the small fruited forms of the latter. For example, Mueller’s variety pluriflora of the latter
37
is odorata. The timber of #. leucoxylon is pale, and its bark less rough. The venation of the leaves of #. odorata is more marked than that of H. lewcoxylon. The stem-clasping glaucous foliage of 1. lewcoxylon is quite different.
5. With E. fecunda, Schauer.
The affinity of these two species as regards foliage, buds, fruits, and perhaps timber, is undoubted. H. lorophleba, Benth., var. fruticosa, Benth., B.F 1. ii, 252, is, In my opinion, referable to HL. odorata (H. loxophleba is now acknowledged to be a form of F. fecunda). LH. odorata has not yet been traced to Western Australia, and the relations of the two species require to be more closely studied.
6. With EF. Behriana, F.v.M.
Mueller (Hucalyptographia) remarks that while #. odorata could not be easily mistaken for #. Behriana, the former is discriminable by the mainly axillary inflorescence and persistent bark. #. odorata is usually a fairly large tree, while Ef. Behriana is a Mallee; the former is rough-barked, while the latter is smooth.
Sometimes #. cdorata is coarse (especially near the sea-coast) and broad- leaved; this form is a good deal like H. Behriana, but the timber is brown, not red as in #. Behriana.
38
DESCRIPTION: XLIIV (a). An Ironbark Box.
WE are now in a position to understand an interesting tree whose closest affinity is, L think, with 2. odorata. At one time I thought it to be a new species, and it is one of the forms included by Mueller in his original description of EH. Bosistoana.
I think it will be best to describe it in detail, as if it were a new species, since this is the clearest way of showing what the plant really is.
A tree of medium size.
Bark.—Scaly-fibrous, rough and thick, persisting only on the lower portion of the trunk. Timber.— Pale-coloured (brawnish), interlocked.
Seedlings.—-Linear lanceolate to lanceolate, pale on the under side.
Juvenile leayes.—Green, not blue, dull, same on both sides, lanceolate, say, 2} inches long by 3 inch broad. Venation not well defined. Intramarginal vein not far from the edge, and the veins spreading.
Mature leaves. —Narrow lanceolate, only slightly faleate, 3 to 4 inches long, with a width of about half an inch. Somewhat coriaceous, bright green when fresh, equally green on both sides, more or less shining. Venation not very prominent, intramarginal vein a little removed from the edge, venation almost spreading, sometimes nearly penninerved.
>)
Buds.—Somewhat angular, clavate, operculum pointed, and with the calyx tapering gradually into a pedicel nearly equal in length to that of the bud. The common peduncle about } an inch.
Flowers.—Three to eight in the umbel ; seven isa common number, Anthers with very nearly terminal pores, between an odorata anther and those which have strictly terminal pores, as in some Tronbarks.
Fruits.—About ;%, inch in diameter and length, the pedicels of equal length and well defined, the common peduncle of twice the length. Truncate ovate, when young slightly urceolate and with a marked rim after the fashion of #. odorata, var. calcicultrix ; when fully ripe the rim is absent or scarcely evident. Valves usually tive, and well sunk below the orifice.
Ke Giles
From Inglewood, Victoria, ‘fin a rough rangy situation.” (J. Blackburne.) T have had much correspondence with Mr. Blackburne in regard to this tree, which is the only one he knows.
I received a similar specimen (but not in fruit), from the late Charles Walter. It was collected in the Wimmera district near Nhill, by D’Alton and himself,
For further remarks on the Range of allied forms, see below, p. 39.
39
AFFINITIES.
1. With £. Bosistoana F.v.M.
Very like #. Bosistoana in general appearance, and in many details, but the juvenile leaves sharply differentiate the two species, those of HH. Bosistoana being ‘roundish or ovate.” #. Bosistoana is also a coastal species of large size; this Ironbark Box is a smaller tree from dry country.
2. With F. bicolor, A. Cunn.
The foliage of the Ironbark Box is bright green, and the venation closer to the edge; that of #. bicolor dull whitish-green. The bark of the former persists only at bottom of trunk, that of LH. bicolor is all over stem and branches. 'The timber of the former is paler and less interlocked. The filaments of the former plant are longer and the operculum is more conical. The fruits of the former are larger and more rimmed, are sparingly distributed; those of H. bicolor profusely distributed (in clusters).
Ironbark Box.—What is the tree? I have already stated my view that its closest affinity is with # odorata. The set of drawings (fig. 5, plate 52) illustrating this form show the affinity without doubt.
I believe it to show hybridism and to belong to the group of Ironbark Boxes. That being so, I propose to defer further consideration of it until I deal with the Ironbark Boxes, and my object in describing the present tree at length is to interest collectors all over Australia in the subject, in order that they may look out for supposed Eucalyptus hybrids, and particularly those supposed to be hybrids between the Ironbarks and the Boxes.
I refer to a paper of mine* on the hybridisation in the genus, and at p. 494 are some notes on the Ironbark Boxes.
In New South Wales we have some Ironbark Boxes which are more or less similar to the Inglewood one, but not absolutely identical with it, which is not to be surprised at if they be hybrids, which I think they are, the more closely I study them.
* **Purther notes on hybridisation in the genus Eucalyptus,” Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., xxx, 492 (1905). See also a reference at p. 330, Part X of the present work.
40
XLV. E. fruticetorum, F.v.M.
THE original description (in Latin) of this species is quoted by Miquel, and will be found in Part ITI, p. 80, of this work.
Later, in Fragm., ii, 57, Mueller re-described the species with some synonymy (erroneous as regards H#. santalifulia), and I offer a translation of it here.
Eucalyptus fruticetorum (F.M. in Mig. Srp. New Holl., 35; #. santalifolia, F.v.M., l.c., 37, and in Transact. Vict. Instit., i, 35. Sect. Hemiphloiz.)
Shrubby, growing to a tree; leaves alternate, moderately petiolate, narrow- or falcate- or oblong- lanceolate, papery or leathery, first finely then prominently spreading. penniveined, shining, the same colour on both sides, the peripheral veins close to the margin; wmbels axillary and lateral, solitary or subpaniculate ; peduncle almost terete or compressed, about as long as the flowers ; the calyx tube truncate- or obconical-ovate, little or not angular, without or with short pedicels, depressed or pyramidally hemispherical, pot striate, and scarcely exceeding three times the length of the opereulum; anthers subovate ; style short ; fruit truncate- or cylindrical-ovate, with three to four cells, rim thin, valves short, entirely enclosed ; seeds without wings.
In sandy-clayey or stony plains in the desert from the R. Murray to the R. Murchison,* forming a considerable portion of the scrub.
A sbrub varying in height, growing to the size of a small tree. The bark of the branches and of the younger stems smooth, but that of the old trunk rugose, semitibrous, ashy-grey, adhering for a long time. Young branches slender, more often smooth than angular. Leaves 2-4" long, 4-8" broad, rarely larger, tapering into a point, often uncinate, more or less pellucidly dotted, but thickly coriaceous and imperforate with age. Peduncles $ inch long or shorter, rarely longer. Pedicels often 1’” long, sometimes invisible. Calyx tube 2-3’ long. Operculum about 1" high, 14-2" broad, coriaceous. Filaments somewhat thick, of a whitish colour, drying yellowish, the outer ones reaching a length of 2-3'". Anthers of a pale colour, 4-1"" long, varying from ovate to globose, quadrate and cuneate, more or less bent. dehiscent for the whole length on both sides. Style somewhat thick, filiform, scarcely exceeding 1’". Fruit 23-4" long, the orifice slightly contracted. Sterile seeds almost rhomboid, clavate or deltoid, }—§’" leng, brownish o1 deep yellow ; the fertile ones dorsally convex, dirty brown, at length turning black, about #" Jong.— (Fragm., ii, 57.)
Mueller then proceeds to indicate its affinity to #. amygdalina, Schauer, (EB. feecunda, Schauer), and #. gracilis, F.v.M.
He then states that it is allied to the species known to the W.A. aborigines as “ Yandee.” J print what he said, as it will be useful for reference, but the tentative inclusion of the Yandee of Western Australia (2. facunda) has caused some confusion. .
The species seems to have aftinity between #. amygdalina and E. gracilis. The aborigines make spears from the younger stems. 2. amygdalina, Schauer, in Lehm. Pl. Preiss., i, 130, appears applicable to this species ; Labillardiére’s species does not appear among the numerous Eucalypts of W.A. preserved in our collection.
It is allied to the species known by the aborigines of W.A. as “ Yandee,” unless a variety, forming a taller tree, is evolved during a long period of time. This specially differs from it in that the marginal vein of the leaf is situated further from the edge, and the lateral veins are less spreading. The bark, moreover, according to the careful enquiries of Oldfield, is blackish, and tardily falls off in bundles (sic). This tree has a straight trunk, and belongs better to the Pachyphloiz section than to the Hemiphloie. In what way this tree, which is known to West Australians as “York Gum,” is distinguished from. Z, fruticetorum is not clear from the specimens sent by Oldfield.
* This W.A. locality was founded on a misapprehension, and refers to the species fecwnda confused with it.
41
E. largiflorens, F.M., in Transact. Viet. Instit., i, 34 (ZL. hemastoma, Miq., Stirp. New Holl., 34, not Sm.) is peculiar to the Australian desert, and rot a native of Tasmania; in what way 4. Behriana has affinity to #. fruticetorwm is a matter for further observation and statement of the differences.-— (Fragm., ii, 57.) References to #. fruticelorum, F.v.M., will also be found in Part III, p. 84, of the present work (two of Mr. Wilkinson’s specimens being figured as G. H. of Plate 11); Part IV, p. 99, and at p. 119.
On the occasion of a recent (July, 1908) visit to the Melbourne Herbarium I came upon an excellent specimen, bearing a label, entirely in Mueller’s handwriting, as follows :—* Hucalyptus fruticetorum, F.v.M. Lower Avoca (Wedderburn) Scrub. W. Percy Wilkinson, 1892.”
I had never seen it before, although I had worked on Wilkinson’s specimens labelled by the late Mr. J. G. Luehmann, and transmitted by that gentleman to Sydney, and it had probably been mislaid (with many other specimens) in the confusion which took place after Mueller’s death. I shall fully figure it in my “Forest Flora of New South Wales” in due course, and it is identical in every respect with type specimens of /. polybractea, R. T. Baker.
The type specimen seems to have been lost. I made a personal search in the Melbourne Herbarium for it with the kind help of Professor Ewart ; and no trace of it can be found at Kew, so Colonel Prain is good enough to tell me. There is no good reason to doubt the correctness of Mueller’s determination of this characteristic
specimen of his own species.
SYOINOUN OME,
E. polybractea, R. T. Baker, in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxv, 692 (1900).
In the original description of 4. polybractea the author describes the anthers as ‘ parallel, opening by longitudinal slits.” While the anthers are more or less variable in this and other species, they may be more fitly described as globular (or nearly so), and opening by pores. Sometimes the pores are elongated, but the term parallel anthered, while quite appropriate for some other species, is misleading in the present one.
RANGE.
Ir is confined to South Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales, so far as we know. It is a dry country species, and Wyalong is the only New South Wales record for it at present, No doubt further search will greatly extend the range.
42
SoutH AUSTRALIA. Flinders Range, near Quorn (Max Koch).
Road from Gladstone to Beetaloo, Flinders Range. ‘The tree (scarcely more than a shrub) had the appearance of a “ Whipstick Mallee” or ‘“‘ Peppermint ” (J. M. Black).
VICTORIA.
Lower Avoca Scrub, Wedderburn; also Mildura (W. Perey Wilkinson) (both labelled EL. fruticetorum by Mueller).
Wedderburn (J. Blackburne). This specimen is from trees used for oil- distilling, and is certainly intermediate between L. fruticetorum and HE. odorata ; Inglewood (J. Blackburne). With broad juvenile leaves. Another form inter- mediate between L. fruticetorum and LH. odorata.
“ Mallee,” Rushworth (A. W. Howitt, J. Blackburne) ; “‘ Mallee,” St. Arnaud (A. W. Howitt).
New Sourn WALES.
‘Blue Mallee.” Locality for type of #. polybractea (R.T. Baker), West Wyalong. ‘“ Willowy, light-coloured stems” (W.S. Campbell). ‘‘Mallee,”’ Wyalong (Vorester J. G. Postlewaite, March, 1900). Bluish, glaucous cast, narrow leaves, very similar to # fruticetorum, but with hemispherical fruits.
Blue Mallee, Wyalong (R. H. Cambage), September, 1900. Type of #. polybractea, R.V.B., kindly supplied by Mr. Baker. See R. H. Cambage in Proc. Linn. Soc. NS.W., xxvii, 192 (1902).
APPINIEIES:
1. With £&. calycogona, Turez., var. celastroides, Maiden (£. celastroides, Turez.).
The only differences I can see between WH. celastroides and EF. fruticetorum lie (a) in the shape of the fruits, which in the former appears to be always more or less urceolate ; (0) we have the size of #7. calycogona, var. celastroides, which attains the dignity of a tree, while LH. fruticetorum appears to be always of shrubby size. At the same time we have many instances of species being of tree size in one district and shrubby in distant localities.
Coming to similarities, the oils are alike (the composition is, indeed, similar to that of other oils not closely related).
The anthers are identical, and in regard to other points the two plants are similar, as far as I can see. One is not surprised to find some differences (assuming they are the same) since #7. calycogona, var. celastroides, is only recorded from West
43
Australia and #. fruticetorum from Victoria and New South Wales, and now traced, for the first time to the eastern side of Spencer’s Gulf, South Australia.
I am not at present prepared to assert the identity of H. calycogona, var. celastroides and LE. fruticetorum, but submit that my remarks at p. 80, Part IIT of this work were quite justified, particularly when the material available at the time the passage was penned is considered.
Diels and Pritzel, speaking of #. celastroides, Turcz., say :—
A very distinct species with small flowers and very short operculum. To the description may be added: At length, a tree up to 20 metres (65 feet) high ; with a beautiful ashy-grey roughish bark, when young smooth with ashy whiteness or reddish and shining ; the young leaves dull and glaucous, conspicuously trinerved, broader than the shining mature leaf.—(Engler’s Jahrb. 1904, p. 438.)
The following two specimens from the Elder Exploring Expedition are in the Adelaide Herbarium :—
(1) “Camp 63, W.A., 27/7/91, R. Helms.”
This specimen was labelled by the late Professor Tate (who worked more or less in conjunction with Mueller in the elucidation of the plants of this Expedition, as “ B. feecunda and L#. gracilis,” apparently uncertain as to what name to attach to it (Mr. Luehmann labelled it gracilis.)
This is interesting in view of the early confusion of LH. fruticetorum (after- wards merged by him in Z. gracilis) and H. fecunda by Mueller.
(2) “40 m. N.W. of Fraser Range, 5/11/91, R. Helms.”
Called “ Gungurru”’ by a native of Hampton Plains.
2. With EF. Thozetiana, F.v.M.
The foliage of #. fruticetorum is more glaucous and broader than that of HE. Thozetiana, being shiny ; the juvenile foliage of the latter is much narrower (as a rule) and if not so shiny as the mature foliage, certainly not glaucous, like that of EL. fruticetorum usually is. The fruits of both species have a longitudinal rib ; those of EL. fruticetorum are more slender, and have a tendency to be urceolate. The foliage of ZL. Thozetiana is rather pendulous, that of H. fruticetorwm is inclined to be rigid; #H. Thozetiana attains a much larger size,—up to 60 feet in Western Queensland.
3. With £. odorata, Behr and Schlecht.
The “ Whipstick Peppermint” (2. odorata) of the Mt. Lofty and Flinders Ranges is no larger than Z. fruticetorum of Flinders Range, and the anthers appear similar, but the lid is as long as the calyx tube and the greyish calyx and whitish- green leaves give it a different aspect (J. M. Black).
EE. fruticetorum lias an enlarged stigma; so has #. odorata. I do not know that this is a constant character in both species, but it is certainly very common in
both, particularly as the stamens fall away. G
44.
One specimen of indubitable odorata was labelled by Mueller “ Eucalyptus fruticetorum, F.v.M. var. Stigm. stylo latius.”’
We have evidence that Mueller placed 2. fruticetorum with gracilis, but I believe that he finally looked upon #. fruticetorum (polybractea) as odorata. Certainly the two species are very close to each other morphologically, especially to the typical form, less to var. calcicultrix. In Proc. Roy. Soc. S.A., xxvii (1903), I held that view, and I hesitate still about the feasibility of keeping them apart, and I speak from long experience with the widely distributed and protean odorata.
I believe that many botanists will still hold the opinion that 2. friuticetorum is a variety of odorata, usually shrubby, more or less glaucous, and yielding a larger percentage of oil than typical odorata. The composition of the two oils is identical ; it varies in quantity only. 4. odorata was originally named in allusion to its richness in oil.
45
XLVI. EF. acacioides, A. Cunn.
Tais has been distributed amongst several first-class herbaria labelled in Cunningham’s handwriting. While most commonly a small Mallee, it sometimes attains the height of 30 or 40 feet. It is identical with Mr. Baker’s £. viridis.
Following is a copy of Allan Cunningham’s Journal (Oxley’s Expedition), on the Lachlan River, under date 23rd May, 1817 :—‘‘ Eucalyptus acacioides. A shrub about 12 feet high, allied to L. saligna.”’
I have received a specimen in flower from Herb., Kew, labelled “ Zue. acacioides, A. Cunn., Mss. New Holland, A. Cunningham, Hooker, 1835. Herb., Kew, Lachlan River.”
There is a fruiting specimen in Herb. Cant. In the absence of fruit its superficial resemblance to #. virgata, var. stricta (E. stricta, Sieb.), is remarkable, which led Cunningham to confuse his own plant with another. There is a specimen of H#. stricta, Sieb., in Herb. Vindob., bearing the following label in Allan Cunningham’s handwriting :—‘‘ Eucalyptus acacioides, C., Mar., 1817, Blue Mountains, N.S.W., 1817 (?), one of Sieber’s species ” (which, indeed, it really is).
SYNONYMS.
1. E£. viridis, R. T. Baker. 2. FE. odorata, Behr, var. linearis, Maiden.
1. E. viridis, R. T. Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxv, 316 (1900), where a description of the plant is given.
“ Green Mallee, Red Mallee, Brown Mallee.”
Type localities: ‘On the hills near Girilambone, N.S.W., thence across country to Cobar; also 7 miles out from Coolabah, on the Wilga Downs Road.” (W. Baeuerlen).
Allan Cunningham discovered this plant, and first gave it aname. It has been distributed, under this name, in herbaria for many years. Bearing in mind the haphazard circumstances under which Eucalyptus names were sometimes promulgated in the early days, the name is tenable, and, doubtless, would have been adopted by Mr. Baker, had he known of it. To Mr. Baker belongs the credit of the first description of this species, and, under the special circumstances, I am in doubt as to whether the name viridis should not be adopted.
46
2. E. odorata, Behr, var. linearis, Maiden, in Proc. Roy. Soc. S.A. xxvii, p. 241 (1903).
“T have made an attempt to subdivide the various forms of ZH. odorata, but it is obvious that they run into one another; and, further, the same tree has different kinds of leaves (within limits) according to the season of the year and the part of the tree from which they have been taken. These remarks apply with more or less force to most species of the genus. One form, however, seems worthy of special mention.
* Linear-lanceolate leaves, coriaceous, shiny, veins not strongly marked. This is, perhaps, the form most dissimilar in appearance to the type, and might be called var. linearis, var. nov.
“Tt is the prevailing form in the ‘ Whipstick Mallee’ of New South Wales and Victoria.”
RANGE.
So far it has only been recorded from certain of the drier parts of Victoria and New South Wales. I confidently expect it to be found in Queensland.
VICTORIA.
** Whipstick Gum’ covers a large tract of country north of Bendigo (W. W. Froggatt, July, 1892). “Mallee,” Eaglehawk Flagstaff (A. W. Howitt), August, 1891; ‘“ Mallee,’ Rushworth (A. W. Howitt); Wedderburn and Ingle- burn, “not used for oil” (J. Blackburne).
New Soutu WAtgs.
Wyalong (District Forester Osborne, R. H. Cambage)}; ‘“ Mallee,’ Condo- bolin (Forester Kidston); The Lachlan (Miss Clements) ; Bundaburra, between Fifield and Condobolin (P. J. Holdsworth) ; Coolabah (R. W. Peacock) ; Girilam- bone (E. Betche, J. LL. Boorman); “Green Mallee.” Type of Z. viridis, R. T. Baker. Girilambone (W. Baeuerlen).
** Plentiful round the hills of Girilambone. Small thin stems, ribbony at base, white at tips’ (J. L. Boorman); Nyngan (Forester G. Martin, also J. Wharton Cox and E. F. Rogers) ; Parish of Kickabel, County of Ewenmar (A. R. Samuels).
‘Known as Whipstick Mallee from its erect, slender stems. Its fruits are generally small, but vary in size very much. The bark is brown at the base, and white above. ‘This is the most easily distinguished of all the Mallees owing to its narrow green leaves. In some cases it grows as a single tree 50 feet high and a foot in diameter” (R. H. Cambage, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1200, p. 602).
47
Cobar (W. Woolls, J. L. Boorman) ; Nymagee (J, Wharton Cox) ; Mt. Hope and Mt. Boppy (J. L. Boorman) ; East of Bidden Road, Gilgandra (R. H. Cambage) ; Dubbo-Gilgandra Road, 14 miles from Dubbo (W. Forsyth) ; Dubbo to Minore on a slight elevation. also Peak Hill (J. L. Boorman); 12 miles north of Dubbo (H. Deane); Warialda (J.H.M., J. L. Boorman, EB. J. Hadley).
AME IMUN IES,
1. With £. odorata, Behr.
Already alluded to in my synonym of LH. odorata, var. linearis, above. EF. acacioides is usually smaller than #. edorata; but the coastal specimens of _ E. odorata, e.g., the so-called ‘ Black Mallee”’ of the Adelaide district, and also var. purpurascens, are quite as small. As a rule, #. acacivides is smaller in all its parts, the leaves being narrower, the fruits smaller and with less tendency to a rim, and the venation less prominent.
2. With EF. fruticetorum, F.v.M.
In #. acacioides we have greener and usually less glaucous leaves than in E. fruticetorum, but in juvenile and mature leaves or fruits they seem to run into each other. ‘lypical acacioides from Girilambone, has not only broadish leaves, but a glaucous cast on the young leaves. Indeed, both it and fruticetorum are closely related, and both have close affinity to H. odorata.
The leaves have often a dull and bluish type of green, and often have a channelled appearance as if a depression on the upper surface was caused by the midrib. Both are usually Mallees, but #. acacioides attains a larger size than I have ever seen in FH. fruticetorum.
3. With FE. ealycogona, Turez., var. gracilis, Maiden.
A very ready difference between them lies in the pointed opercula of EB. acacioides. he leaves of var. gracilis are broader, usually more shiny, and with more visible oil-dots. The oil-dots are readily seen in the buds of var. gracilis. The leaves of var. gracilis are more glaucous, while the fruits are usually somewhat larger, more conoid or subcylindrical.
48
XLVI. EF. Thozetiana. F.v.M.
In Part ITT, p. $2 (see also figs. C-F, Plate 11) of this work I suggested that this might be looked upon as a variety of #. gracilis, F.v.M. (2. calycogona, Turez.)
Since then, in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxxi, 305, with plate xxiv (1906), Mr. R. T. Baker has adopted the view of Mueller that the plant might be a distinct species (#. Thozetiana, F.v.M.). His description of the tree should be referred to. Whether it is a species or a variety (of H. calycogona, Turez., or perhaps of #. ochrophloia, F.v.M.) is not yet settled, in my mind, but it is found at such distant localities from either Sydney or Brisbane, that one is largely dependent on second- hand sources of information concerning it.
Mr. C. W. Chapman told me that his ‘* Yapunyah” (not 4. echrophloia, of which there is none on his station, Newinga, so far as he knows) is like a Mallee, but he does not believe it has the bulbous stock of a Mallee. The average size of the stems is a diameter of 7—8 inches, with a length of 25 feet (as poles drawn into the station), so that the length may be fairly put at 50 feet. The colour of the timber
is brown or black-brown, not red.
Vernacular Name.—Mry. C. W. Chapman (to whom I was introduced by Mr. R. T. Baker) says that ‘‘ Yapunyah” is the spelling on his station (Newinga), but that it is called “ Napunyah”’ on the adjacent station.
I have noticed a similar use of the two names in regard to 2. ochrophloia, and the well-known ease of Yarran and Narran* which I took considerable pains to attempt to clear up, may be referred to in this connection. |
SYNONYMS. 1. FE. gracilis, F.v.M., var. Thozetiana, F.v.M., in ‘' Kucalyptographia.”’
2. E. ealycogona, Turez., var. Thozetiana, Maiden, p. 82, vol. I of this work.
lawauh (Gila,
See the localities given at p. 82, Part ILI of this work.
Mr. C. W. Chapman states that it is plentiful at Newinga Station, 65 miles west of Goondiwindi, on the St. George’s road from Goondiwindi. He believes it also occurs at Tandawanna Station, 40 miles west of Goondiwindi. These are all Queensland localities, but at no very great distance from the New South Wales border.
* What is Narran? ‘‘ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” Part xxxv, p. 75.
49
AEN is:
1. With £. fruticetorum, F.v.M.
The anthers are very similar to those of EF. frutecetorum, V.v.M., and £. acacioides, A. Cunn. See also p. 43 (under ZH. frutivetorum).
2. With F. acacioides, A. Cunn.
Li. Thozetiana attains a larger size, the buds are more pointed, the fruits more urceolate, and the foliage more pendulous, and, apparently, more shiny. The juvenile foliage is very similar in hoth species; the timber of LZ. Thozetiana appears to contain less sap-wood; but in order that the differences between the two timbers may be accurately ascertained, specimens from approximately similar localities should be compared.
3 and 4. With F. ochrophloia, F.v.M. and E. ealycogona, Turez.
LE. Thozetiana has a smooth or hard scaly bark, with a dark brown timber. (O’Shanesy, in the note quoted below,* says the wood is “ed, but very little known.” Perhaps he is mistaken as to the colour.)
E. ochrophloia has a hard scaly bark, and dark brown timber with a little red in it (one specimen only examined by me).
£. calycogona has a smooth bark and dark brown timber.
As far as my knowledge goes at present there is not much difference between the timbers of the three species. The relations between the two first species is undoubtedly close, geographically as well; #. calycogona is not found within hundreds of miles of the other two, so far as we know at present.
5. With EF. ealycogond, Turez., var. celastroides, Maiden.
EH. Thozetiana also requires to be very carefully compared with EL. calycogona, Turez., var. celastroides, Maiden = H. celastroides, Turez., which, as Diels and Pritzel have shown (see p. 43), attains the height of 65 feet. The two trees display a good deal of similarity (compare Plate 10 of this work and Mr. Baker’s figure of E. Thozetiana). The leaves of HL. celastroides are usually glaucous. It is, however, not to be surprised at that a New South Wales tree should present differences to a West Australian one. Distances may be very great in Australia, and, hence, some comparisons of plants have to remain in abeyance which in small countries could be readily settled.
* EB. gracilis (he is referring to HZ. Thozetiana, F.v.M., J.H.M.) is a middle-sized tree of graceful habit, with a clear trunk and short spreading head ; bark smooth, white, and entirely deciduous ; wood red, but very little known,
The trunk is beautifully fluted, which appears to be a constant character of the species. It was first discovered by the late Mr. Thozet in his fatal excursion to Expedition Range, and subsequently by the writer in the neighbourhood of Cometyille, but its distribution in this district is very local,—(‘‘ Contributions to the Flora of Queensland,” p. 42.)
50
XI VII. EF. ochrophlota, F.v.M.
Tuts tree has been dealt with at some length at pages 66 and 87 of Part III of this work. It requires further field observations by a competent botanist. Mr. A. Murphy, who made observations on it in the Paroo district, reports as follows :—
“ Yappunyah.”— Very abundant ; a river gum. Has a very erect trunk for 20-30 feet ; it then branches off into a number of limbs. The trunks are up to 3 feet 6 inches in diameter. It has very drooping branches, almost like a willow, and this, conjoined with the straight trunk, gives the tree a peculiar appearance. It has clean limbs, but at the base of the trunk it is very rough, scaly, peeling off, and very black. It is the toughest timber of the district; you cannot break it. It is used for buggy shafts, dc.
It is evident that the timbers of this and #. Thozeliana have very similar qualities as regards the timber.
MMSTEIUNUET Bese
1. With E£. calycogona, 'Turez.
At p. 86, Part IIT, vol. 1 of this work, I have suggested its affinity to this species. Examination of the anthers shows that those organs cannot be distinguished from each other.
2. With EF. Thozetiana, F.v.M.
This has been referred to under HL. Thozetiana, p. 48. The relations between these two species are not yet fully worked out.
51
DESCRIPTION. XLIIX. EF. mierotheca, F.v.M.
DescriBEp in Journ. Linn. Soc., iii, 87 (1858), in Latin, which may be translated as follows :—
A tree with slender nearly terete btanches. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, linear-lanceolate subfaleate, somewhat acute, dark and without visible oil-glands, very thinly veined, the marginal vein close to the edge. Umbels axillary, solitary or paniculate, few-flowered, the peduncles angular. ruts small, semi-ovate, not ribbed, shortly pedicellate, 3- to 4-celled, the valves inserte| below the margin and hardly exserted. ertile seeds hlackish, smooth, not winged. Hab.—Not rare in the fertile plains of Tropical Australia. Tree of middle size with a dirty brownish-white bark full of wrinkles and cracks, persistent on the trunk, deciduous on the upper branches, leaving them ashy-white. Zeaves rather thin, 2-5" long, 4-8” broad. Panicle shorter than the leaves, the peduncles variable in length. Jruits, 14
to 2” long ; seeds nearly 2”
long, peltate- or truncate-ovate.
It was afterwards described in English by Bentham in B.FI. ili, 223 as LE. brachypoda, Turez., though with some confusion with H#. rudis, Endl., as will be explained presently. Mueller subsequently figured and described the species in
the “ Eucalyptographia.”
Notes Supplementary to the Description.
Mueller (Lucalyptogruphia) figures 2. microtheca with a non-dilated stigma, and draws attention to this as a character, but I have seen quite a number of flowers of this species with a more or less dilated stigma, so that this supposed character falls to the ground.
SYNONYM.
E. brevifolia, F.v.M., Journ. Innn. Soc., iii, 84 (1855).
Mueller in “ Eucalyptographia” agrees with Bentham (B.£/. iii, 223) that Li. brevifolia is a synonym of EL. microtheca. It is the older name and would have replaced FL. microtheca had not there been an earlier Z. brevifolia.
E. brachypoda, Turez., not a Synonym.
Bentham (B.F7. iii, 223) unites #. microtheca with E. brachypoda ; but as already pointed out in Frajm., xi, 14, Drummond’s plant iv, 73, belongs to the southern regions of Western Australia, only his subsequent collections, particularly the sixth, bringing ‘plants from the neighbourhood of the Murchison River. His plant in the Melbourne collection is also not in fruit; but the flowering specimen, to which Turezaninow’s description is well applicable, agrees with Z. rudis. — (Hucalyptographia, under EL. microtheca.)
I have examined Drummond’s iv, 73, and agree with Mueller in referring it to E. rudis, so that LH. brachypoda, Turez., isnot a synonym of #. microtheca, F.v.M.
A specimen of Mueller’s “ Hucalyptus micrtoheca, ferd Mueller, Victoria River” (doubtless a co-type), named by Bentham ZL. brachypoda, Turcz., for the Flora Australiensis, was presented to me by Kew, and is the species under con- sideration, so that Bentham has placed two species under &. brachypoda,
H
RI Ge,
Iv is found in the drier parts of Australia, in all the mainland States except Victoria. It usually occurs on the banks of rivers, or in depressions liable to flooding.
New Souru WALES. This is the “ Dwarf Box” of Forest Department (N.S.W.) Exhibition Catalogues of a few years back, where it is labelled ‘* 4. brachypoda; timber not much used or valued. Open plains, Lachlan, Darling, and towards the Barrier Range.”
The late K. H. Bennett, sent this species from Ivanhoe, vid Hay, under the native name ‘'T'angoon,” with the note that ‘ this is our largest tree, often attaining a height of 70 to 80 feet, with a diameter of 4 feet. It is the principal tree used by the blacks for the extraction of water from the roots.’ While indubitably E.. microtheca, it resembles the broad-leaved forms of /. bicolor. The flowers are large, the leaves have a yellowish cast, and are ® or 1 inch broad by 2? inches long, having a different appearance from normal microtheca.,
We have it from the banks of the Bogan and on flats near the Darling River, e.g., Bourke, & The leaves vary in width, 7.e. (with same length), varying on the same tree from 2 inch to % inch broad.
Angledool, north of Walgett, near the Queensland border (Newcomen) ; Burren Junction (J. L. Boorman); Boggabilla (H. M. R. Rupp).
While usually a small gnarled tree on the flats near the Namoi, it sometimes occurs as a tree of considerable size.
Bark rough and persistent, scaly, a pretty tree, with rather dense and drooping foliage. Banks of Namoi at Narrabri. (H. Deane and others.)
‘“*Coolibah or Swamp Box,” Narrabri. Leaves 7 inches long, and up to 1 inch broad, and glaucous. (Forester McGee.)
This is the Coolabah whose suckers are, under the provisions of the Crown Lands Act of 1889, declared to be “scrub” in a Gazette notice of November, 1904 (District Surveyor Arch. Lockhard, Moree).
Howell, near Inverell (E. C. Andrews).
On the | vel river country a conspicuous tree is Hucalyptus microtheca, F.v.M. (Coolabah) which is easily identified by its rough grey bark all over the trunk, and its perfectly smooth white limbs.
All these trees—Z. microtheca, E. largiflorens (bicolor) and its variety, according to my observations, grow only on what is known as the river or black soil country, and never away on the hills. They are of crooked growth, and average about 30 to 40 feet high. Over the country which is now being described, E. microtheca was only found extending as far as 12 miles south of Bourke, ceasing with the black soil, though it goes northward through Queensland.—(R. H. Cambage, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., 1900, p. 592.)
53
QUEENSLAND.
Goondiwindi, near New South Wales border (Glasson); Roxborough (through F. M. Bailey); Thargomindah; ‘“ Coolabah,” Mulligan River. The seed is a favourite article of food of the blacks (H. Clarke) ; Rockhampton (J.H.M.).
“Coolabah ” or “ Flooded Box ” is found on all Gulf (of Carpentaria) waters, often in floooded ground, of a crooked growth, about 380 feet high (BE. W. Palmer, Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., 1883, p. 106). Mr. Palmer’s specimens came from the Flinders.
SourH AUSTRALIA. Lake Eyre (W. Baldwin Spencer).
NortH AUSTRALIA. Port Darwin. Not in fruit (M. Holtze); Victoria River, type (Mueller).
West AUSTRALIA.
Murchison River (Oldfield), in flower and fruit. Labelled by Mueller * FB. brachypoda, Turez. non Benth.”
“Flooded Gum,” Mt. Narryer, Murchison (Isaac Tyson, per R. Helms); Milly’s Soak, near Cue (W. V. Fitzgerald; J.H.M_).
* Tree 4 to 10 metres high, with pendulous branches, smooth, white bark, subglaucous foliage. Creek near Roeburn in clayey soil, with Acacias. No. 2,758” (L. Diels).
Dr. J. B. Cleland (who collected it at Strelley River and other north-west localities, where it is known as ‘‘ Black-heart Gum)”’ tells me that the trunk of this species in Western Australia is often as white as if whitewashed, and the whiteness rubs off readily if touched.
UE NEIN UES:
1. With £. melanophloica, P.v.M.
Mr. R. T. Baker (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxvii, 226, (1902), points out that H. microtheca leaves are very similar to those of the lanceolate ones of E. melanophloia, and states that the barks are also identical : “in herbarium material, however, the leaves of the latter species can easily be separated from the former, as they always dry a light slate colour, in contradistinction to the brownish colour of those of the Ironbark.”’ Ordinarily the two species are sharply separated as regards the leaves, those of H. melanophloia being broad, almost cordate, and stem-clasping, while the juvenile foliage of the two species is very different, that of EH. microtheca being lanceolate or narrow lanceolate. ‘The fruits of #. microtheca have exserted
54:
valves; the bark is dark and hard (or perfectly smooth in tropical or nearly tropical localities), but very different to that of 4. melanophloia, which is an Ironbark. The strong similarities indeed only refer to the lanceolate-leaved forms. As regards the lanceolate leaves of 1. melanophloia, it is very rarely the case that they are ever as narrow as those of H. microtheca, and the venation is more spreading. My experience is that the colour on drying of the leaves of the two species is much the same—glaucous on both sides. The matter will be again referred to when
EH. melanophloia is figured.
2. With E. Raveretiana, F.v.M.
The fruits and flowers are smaller, and the timber is brown, not red. Mueller (and also O’Shanesy) points out the #. Laveretiana timber was formerly distributed in International Exhibitions as 2. microtheca. FE. Raveretiana is a much larger tree and the bark less scaly ; itis also very local, being confined to the Rockhampton district so far as is known at present.
3. With £. rudis, Endl.
There has been some confusion between these two species in the past, and the synonymy has, I hope, been now cleared up. See p.51. The fruits of 1. rudis are much larger than those of #. microtheca, the buds are also larger, and the leaves usually broader and thinner, and do not dry white.
4. With E£. rostrata, Schlecht.
Especially in Western Australia there is a closer resemblance between E. microtheca and H. rostrata. The fruits of the latter are usually larger and the opercula more rostrate (a character to be applied with caution in Western Australian specimens), the venation less fine, the intramarginal vein further from the edge, and the surface non-glaucous. As arule, also, 2. rostrata lacks the black hard bark that is common on the butt of LH. microtheca, but West Australian trees of the latter appear to have less of it than eastern ones. The anthers of the two species
are very different.
5. With F. bicolor, A. Cunn. See p. 12.
Explanation of Plates (49-52). PLATE 49. E. Bosistoana, F.v.M. 1. Juvenile foliage. Metung, Gippsland, Victoria. (A. W. Howitt.) 2a. Juvenile foliage (J. L. Boorman, Jan, 1904) ; 2b, unripe fruit, showing rim (J.H.M., Mar., 1900) ; both Wingello, near Goulburn, N.S.W.
3. Ripe fruits, showing exserted valves ; usually 6-celled, but sometimes 7.‘ Red Box,” Bega district, N.S.W., Nov., 1894. °
56
4a. Intermediate leaf (R. H. Cambage, <Aug., 1901); 46 and 4c, intermediate and mature leaf (J. L. Boorman, Feb., 1900); 4d and 4e, buds and anther (Rev. Dr. Woolls, Nov., 1886) ; 4f fruits and transverse section of a fruit, 5 or 6 celled. All from Cabramatta, or Cabramatta to Bankstown, near Sydney.
EF. bicolor, A. Cunn.
5a. Juvenile leaf; 54, another juvenile leaf, still in the opposite stage, but much larger, and the intra- marginal vein well defined ; 5c, buds ; 5d, immature fruits, showing rim and taking on an urceolate shape. All from Lake Cudgellico, N.8S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
6a and 60. Leaves ; 6c, buds ; 6d, fruit of type of #. largiflorens, F.v.M., Murray River (Mueller), named “* B. bicolor, A.C.” by Bentham for the Flora Australiensis.
7. Twig with buds, ‘“ Eucalyptus bicolor, A. Cunningham, New Holland, Hooker (Sir W. J.) 1835.” Part of Allan Cunningham’s type.
8. Twig, with flowers, part of “No. 446 of 1846, sub-tropical New Holland, Lieut.-Col. Sir T. L. Mitchell.” Marked £. bicolor by Bentham. Both 7 and 8 were presented by Kew, and had been examined for the Flora Australiensis.
9a. Leaf; 94, buds; 9c, narrow leaf and fruits ; 9d, still narrower leaf and fruits; 9e, anther. All “ River Box.” Bourke (on the Cobar Road). (J. L. Boorman.) Note the variation in size of fruits, and the remarkably linear leaves. Might reasonably be confused with #. odorata, var. Woollsiana, See p. 36.
10a. Buds ; 104, leaf and fruits ; 10c, anther. Note the small blunt buds, the coarse leaf, and the open or wide mouths of the fruits. No. 62, “ Bastard Box,” Cobham Lake, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen.)
lla. Buds with very pointed opercula ; 116, fruits. North-west of Lake Albacutya, Victoria. (C. French.' 12. Small spheroid fruits, with the orifice nearly closed. Near Condobolin, N.S8.W. (Hon. W. H. Suttor.) 13. Elongate fruits, Coolabah, N.S.W. +: (R. W. Peacock.)
PLATE 50. E. hemiphloia, ¥.v.M. (typical form). 1. Juvenile leaf (not in opposite stage). Drake, N.S.W. (E. C. Andrews.)
2a. Juvenile leaf (not in opposite stage); 2b, mature leaf; 2c, buds; 2d, fruits; 2e, anther. From Bankstown, N.S.W. practically a type locality. (J. L. Boorman.)
3. Fruits, a common eastern New South Wales form, a little smaller than the type. Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range. (W. Dunn.)
4. Immature fruit showing a marked tendency to be urceolate and to have a rim. Windsor, N.S.W. (J.S. Allan.) Compare 11.
5. Mature fruit, yet witha tendency to be urceolate. Unumgar Station, Upper Richmond River, N.S. W. (W. Forsyth.) Compare 22.
6. Immature buds, showing double operculum and paniculate inflorescence. (See also 9 and 20a.) ‘*Gum- topped Box.” North of Rockhampton, Queensland. (A. Murphy.) See also 16.
Var. microcarpa, Maiden.
7a. Juvenile leaf (still in opposite stage); 7b, mature leaf; 7c, anther; 7d, fruits and section of one, showing the sunk valves. Gulgong, N.S.W. (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)
8. Buds. Near Murga, N.S.W. (H. Deane.) 9. Paniculate inflorescence. Compare 6 and 20a. Bendigo, Victoria. (W. W. Froggatt.)
10¢ and 104. Buds. Note the variation in size. “White Box” or “Grey Box,” Wyalong, N.S.W., (Arthur Osborne.)
1
12.
56
Fruits. Note their angularity and urceolate shape. Compare 4 and 5, Goulburn River, Victoria.
Fruits. Note variation in size on same twig. ‘Grey Box,” Wyalong. (Arthur Osborne.)
13a, 136. Fruits. Variation in size from same tree. Mt. McDonald, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.)
14a, 146. Fruits, showing slight rim, also elongation of fruit-stalk. Condobolin-Euabalong Road, N.S.W.
(J.H.M.)
15a. Mature leaf, rather broad; 150, fruits, rather hemispherical. Tomingley to Narromine, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)
16a. Juvenile leaf; 160, buds; 16c, fruits. Herbert Creek, Queensland. (E. M. Bowman.) This specimen is nearest to typica, but it will be seen how gentle is the transition between it and var. microcar pa.
17. Urceolate fruit, displaying slight angularity. Compare 4 and 11. Narrandera, N.S.W. (Forester
: Condell.) Var. albens, F.v.M.
18a. Buds ; 18, fruits. From practically a type locality. Wirrabara Forest, South Australia, spontaneous trees. (J.H.M.)
19a. Juvenile leaf (opposite stage) ; 196, buds; 19c, anthers ; 19d, fruits (there are larger ones from this
la.
to
ery ei
9a 10a
lla
12.
locality). Tongio, Gippsland, Victoria. (A. W. Howitt.)
. Panicle of buds; see Nos. 6 and 9; 206 and 20c, different sizes of fruit. All from the same tree,
Wagga Wagga, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)
. Fruits ; 210, fruit, showing angle. Compare 4and 17. Cowra, N.S.W. (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)
Fruits, decidedly urceolate. Compare 5 and 11. Mt. Macquarie, near Blayney, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
PLATE 51.
E.. hemiphloia, F.v.M., var. albens, F.v.M. (continued). Buds ; 16, rather cylindrical fruits. Young, N.S.W. (J.H.M.) Fruit, showing marked angle. Scone, N.S.W. (J.H.M.) Compare 3 and 11, plate 50. Fruits less cylindrical, no pedicels. Gulgong, N.S.W. (J.H.M.) Fruits. Inverell to Howell, N.S.W. (J.H.M.) Fruits. Merrindee, between Mudgee and Wellington, N.S.W. (A. Murphy, No. 5.) Fruit, no pedicel. Bullio to Wombeyan Caves, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.)
. Juvenile leaf; 7b, fruits. Mudgee to Wellington, N.S.W. (A. Murphy, No. 4.) I look upon this as a transit specimen between the normal form and var. albens. See p. 22.
Fruits, nearly spheroid. Tomingley Creek, near Dubbo, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.) Approaching var. albens. See p. 22.
E. odorata, Behr and Schlecht. Typical form. . Leaf ; 96, buds and flowers ; 9c, anther of the type “ Dr. Behr, Sud Australie, 1848.”
and 105. Juvenile leaves, both in the opposite stage. Note the remarkable variation in width ; 10ce, mature leaf. Wirrabara, near Mt. Remarkable, South Australia. (W. Gill.)
. Buds; 110, fruits ; llc, longitudinal section of a fruit to show the sunk valves. Upper part of St. Vincent’s Gulf, S.A. (W. Gill.)
Fruits, showing angularity of fruit and slight rim. Near Melrose, by Mt. Remarkable, Flinders Range, S.A. (W. Gill.)
57
18a. Leaf, the venation very indistinct; 134, buds and flowers and anther. Box-tree flats near Mt. Remarkable (“ Dr. Ferd. Miller, pharm. cand. 1854”). This is a specimen of the type of E. cajuputea, F.v.M., and is conspecifie with #. odorata.
14a. Buds ; 148, fruits. “Peppermint.” Mount Lofty Range, South Australia. (Max Koch.)
15a. Mature leaf (showing channelling, see p. 27); 154, small fruits, many in the head. Adelaide.
(W. Gill.)
16a and 168. Juvenile leaves in the opposite stage ; 16¢ and 16d, leaves in different stages of maturity ; l6e, fruits. Leaves like these show the impossibility of separating Z. odorata from its broad- suckered variety calcicultrix. National Park, near Adelaide. (W. Gill.)
17. Very small fruits. Port Lincoln to Coftin’s Bay, South Australia. (J.H.M.)
18a. Young fruit, urceolate and with rim ; 18+, mature fruit. Scrub between Murray Bridge and Monarto, S.A. (J. M. Black.)
19a. Juvenile leaf; 194, fruits, with wider mouth. Kapunda, S.A. (R. H. Cambage.)
Var. calcicultriz, F.v.M.
20a. Juvenile leaf (note its broadness) ; 206, mature leaf (note the intramarginal vein away from the edge) ; 20c, fruits (note the rim). Adelaide. (F. Mueller.) Type of £. calcicultria, F.v.M. ..
21a. Leaf; 216, buds; 2lc, anther. Gawler, S.A. (F. Mueller.) Type of 2. leucoxylon, var. pluriflora. See p. 29.
22a, 22h, 22c, Specimens of juvenile leaves, still in the opposite stage, and showing the great variation in the width and shape. Cape Jervis, S.A. (J.H.M.)
23. Buds. Operculum quite hemispherical. Quorn, S.A. (W. Gill.) 24a. Leaf (note its narrowness) ; 246, buds ; 24c, fruits (note their smallness). South Australia (W. Gill.) 25a. Leaf; 255, buds and flowers. Flinders Range, S.A. (F. Mueller.) Type of #. porosa, F.v.M. 26. Fruits; pear-shaped and with small orifice. Mt. Brown Forest Reserve, Flinders Range, S.A. (W. Gill.) ‘ Var. Woollsiana, Maiden.
27a. Juvenile leaf (in opposite stage); 276, mature leaf; 27c, fruits (small, and with distinct rim). Narrabri, N.S.W. (J.H.M.). Type of variety.
28a. Buds and flowers ; 28), anther ; 28c, fruits with wide mouths. Narrabri West, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.) 29. Fruits, pear-shaped. Gilgandra, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.) 30. Fruits, slightly pear-shaped, marked white rim. Mt. Boppy, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
PLATE 52. £. odorata, Behr, var. calcicultrix, F.v.M. (concluded).
la. Juvenile leaf in opposite stage ; 1, fruits, pear-shaped. Murray Bridge, S.A. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.)
2¢ and 2b. Fruits. These fruits are small, nearly spherical in shape, and show a rim when immature. The rim is absent when mature. Emu Flat, Ninety-mile Desert, S.A. (W. Gill.)
Var. purpurascens, Maiden.
3a. Juvenile leaf (in opposite stage) ; 34, leaf in intermediate stage; 3c, mature leat; 3d and 3e, buds of
different sizes and varying angularity ; 3f, anther ; 39, fruits, showing marked angularity. Port Lincoln district, S.A. (J.H.M.) Type of variety.
58
4. Young fruits, showing a devided urceolate tendency. Compare numbers 4 and 5, plate 50, and 18a, plate 51. Memory Cove, 8.A. (Robert Brown, ter Australiense, 1802-5.) British Museum, No. 4,735.
Variety of #. odorata (? member of the Ironbark Box group. See pages 38 and 39).
5a. Seedling leaf ; 56 and 5c, juvenile leaves (still in opposite stage) of different widths ; 5d, mature leaf 5e, buds; 5f, flowers; 5g, anther ; 5h, young fruit, urceolate in shape, and with a distinct rim 5%, mature fruit, with rim scarcely evident. Inglewood, Victoria. (J. Blackburne, No. 14.)
E. fruticetorum, F.v.M.
6a. Leaf and buds; 64, flowers; 6c, anther; 6d, fruits. Lower Avoca Scrub, Wedderburn, Victoria. (W. Percy Wilkinson.) The whole label, with the addition of the words ‘ Euc. fruticetorum, F.y.M.”, is in Mueller’s handwriting. Apparently anterior to this is a note in Luehmann’s handwriting : “Stamens all fertile. Anthers very small, globular, appearing often deformed, opening by minute lateral pores. Possibly a new species, but nearly allied to £. odorata.”
(Herb. Melb.)
7a. Juvenile leaves, almost in the opposite stage (note the variation in width) ; 76, intermediate leaf. Wyalong, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
8a. Mature leaf; 84, fruits. ‘Blue Mallee,” Wyalong, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen.) Type of £. polybractea, R. T. Baker.
LE. acacioides, A. Cunn.
9a, Twig, bearing buds and fruits ; 96, twig bearing flowers ; 9c, anther. All from the type. ‘“N.S.W., A. Cunningham, 1817,” bearing the name “ Eucalyptus acacioides” in Allan Cunningham’s handwriting.
10a. Mature leaf; 106, buds; 10c, fruits. Girilambone, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen.) Type of £. viridis, R. T. Baker.
11. Juvenile leaf. Warialda, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
12a and 126. Fruits, showing variation in size. Minore, near Dubbo, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
E. Thozetiana, F.v.M. (See also Plate 11, Part IIT.) 13. Juvenile Leaf. Newinga Station, Queensland. (C. W. Chapman.)
14. Anther from a flower from scrub near River Mackenzie, Queensland. (E. M. Bowman.)
E. ochrophloia, F.v.M.
15a. Juvenile leaf (in opposite stage) ; 156, mature leaf; 15c, buds; 15d, anther; 15e, young fruits, showing rim ; 15f mature fruits (a sight black rim remains). Cuttaburra River, Yantabulla, N.S.W. (A. Murphy.)
E. microtheca, F.v.M. 16. Juvenile leaf. ‘ Coolabah,” Bourke, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.) 17. Juvenile leaf. Burren Junction, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
18a. Mature leaf; 18) and 18c, fruits, very different in size. ‘‘ Coolabah,” Bogan River, near Coolabah, N.S.W. (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)
19a. Buds; 196, anther. Bourke, N.S.W. (O. C. McDougall.) 20. Buds. Between Lachlan and Darling Rivers, N.S.W. (K. H. Bennett.)
21a. Buds (rather blunt opercula) ; 216, fruits (in this specimen the valves are less exserted and are oftener four in number than three). Murchison River, W.A. (A. Oldfield.)
22. Fruits, North-West Australia. (L. Diels, No. 2,758.)
59
The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales ”* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs of the trees are also introduced wherever possible. Details in regard to their economic value; &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one. The number of the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets:—
acmentoides, Schauer (xxxil). amygdalina, Labill. (xvi). Andrewsi, Maiden (xxi). Baileyana, F.v.M. (xxxv). capitellata, Sm. (xxvii). Consideniana, Maiden (xxxvl). corvacea, A, Cunn. (xv). corymbosa, Sm. (xii).
dives, Schauer (xix). goniocalyx, F.v.M. (v). hemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii). hemiphlora, F.v.M. (vi). longifolia, Link and Otto (11). Iuehmanniana, F.v.M. (xxvi). macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. (xxvii). maculata, Hook. (vii). melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix). macrocorys, F.v.M. (xxxviil). numerosa, Maiden (xvii). obliqua, L’ Hérit. (xxii). paniculata, Sm, (viii). pilularis, Sm. (xxx1). piperita, Sm. (xxxiil). Planchoniana, F.v.M. (xxiv). punctata, DC. (x).
reqnans, F.v.M. (xviii). resinifera, Sm. (iii).
saligna, Sm. (iv). siderophloia, Benth. (xxxix). sideroxylon, A. Cunn. (xiii). Sieberiana, F.v.M. (xxxiv). stellulata, Sieb. (xiv). tereticornis, Sm. (x1).
vurgata, Sieb. (xxv).
vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii).
* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price ls. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and other illustrations.
Sydney: William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer.—-1910.
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CrIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.
E. BOSISTOANA, F.v.M. (1-4).
EB. BICOLOR; A; Cunn., (6-13):
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL, 50)
E. HEMIPHLOIA, F.v.M. (1-6). (Var. microcarpa, MAIDEN, 7-17.) (Var. albens, F.v.M., 18-22.)
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CrIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PLaebie
E. ODORATA, Beur & SCHLECHT.
(Var. albens, F.v.M., 1-8.) (Typical form, 9-19.) (Var. caleicultrix, F.v.M., 20-26.) (Var. Woollsiana, Maipen, 27-30.)
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.
ic aaa
E. ODORATA, Beur & SCHLECHT.
(Var. purpurascens, MAIDEN, 3-4.)
E. FRUTICETORUM, F.v.M. (6-8). E. ACACIOIDES, A. Cunn. (9-12). Ee OCHROPHEOTAy ave Memo):
E. THOZETIANA, F.v.M. (13-14). E. MICROTHECA, F.v.M. (16-22).
(Var. ? Ironbark Box, 5.)
(Var. caleicultrix, F.v.M., 1-2.)
te ee eae a
i m8. Eucalyptus calycogona, Turczaninow. —
12. as obliqua, L? Héritients : e Plates, 5-8. (Issued May
Plates, 9-12. (Issued July, 190
Wed. PWaibaly pti incrassata, Labillardiére.
6. Eucalyptus fecunda, Schauer. Plates, 13-24. (Issued Rone 1904.)
V—4. ‘Hucalijits stellulata, Sieber. 7. Eucalyptus coriacea, A. Cunn. 8. Eucalyptus coccifera, Hook. f. Plates, 25-28. (Issued November, 1904.)
VI—9. Eucalyptus amygdalina, Labillardiére. 10. Eucalyptus linearis, Dehnhardt. 11. Hucalyptus Risdoni, Hook. f. Plates, 29-32. (Issued April, 1905.)
VII—12. Eucalyptus regnans, F.v.M. 13. ELucalyptus vitellina, Naudin, and Eucalyptus vitrea, R. T. Baker. 14. Eucalyptus dives, Schauer. 15. Eucalyptus Andrewst, Maiden. 16. Eucalyptus diversifolia, Bonpland. Plates, 33-36. (Issued October, 1905.)
VINI—17. Eucalyptus capitellata, Sm. 18. Eucalyptus Muelleriana, Howitt. 19. Eucalyptus macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. 20. Eucalyptus eugenioides, Sieber. 21. Eucalyptus marginata, Sm. 22. Eucalyptus buprestium, F.v.M. 28. Eucalyptus sepulcralis, F.v.M. Plates, 37-40. (Issued March, 1907.)
IX—24. Eucalyptus alpina, Lindl. 25. Hucalyptus microcorys, F.v.M. 26. Hucalyptus acmeniordes, Schauer. 27. Eucalyptus umbra, R. T. Baker. 28. Hucalyptus virgata, Sieber. 29. Hucalyptus apiculata, Baker and Smith 30. Eucalyptus Luehmanniana, F. vy. Mueller. 31. Eucalyptus Planchonana, F.v.M. Plates 41-44. (Issued Re 1907.)
X—32. Hucalyptus piperita, Sm.
33. Hucalyptus Sieberiana, F.v.M.
34. Eucalyptus Consideniana, Maiden.
35. Hucalyptus hemastoma, Sy.
36. Hucalyptus siderophioia, Benth.
37. Hucalyptus Boormani, Deane and Maiden.
38. Hucalyptus leptophleba, F.v.M.
39. Hucalyptus Behriana, F.v.M.
40. Eucalyptus populifolia, Hook. Hucalyptus Bowmani (Doubtful Species).
Plates, 45-48. (Issued December, 1908.)
Se
GENUS EUCALYPTUS
BY
7H MAIDEN
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).
or i PART 2.
PART XII Cone re Hone
(WITH FOUR PLATES).
PrRicE Two SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.
Published by Authority of
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
SOUND ; WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER.
Ss 1910.
A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE
cx *, a E tt :
ae
s Eucalyptus pilularis, ‘Sale and var! Muelleriana;
VIII—17. . Eucalyptus Muelleriana, Howitt. . Eucalyptus macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. . Eucalyptus eugenioides, Sieber.
. Eucalyptus marginata, Sm.
. Eucalyptus buprestium, F.v.M.
. Eucalyptus sepulcralis, F.v.M.
Plates, 1-4. ‘(Issued March, 1903.)
. Eucalyptus obliqua, L’ Héritier.
Plates, 5-8. (Issued May, 1903.
. Eucalyptus calycogona, Turczaninow.
Plates, 9-12. (Issued July, 1903.)
. Eucalyptus incrassata, Labillardiére. . Eucalyptus fecunda, Schauer.
Plates, 13-24. (Issued June, 1904.)
. Eucalyptus stellulata, Sieber. . Eucalyptus coriacea, A. Cunn. . Eucalyptus coccifera, Hook. f.
Plates, 25-28. (Issued November, 1904.)
. Eucalyptus amygdalina, Labillardiére. . Eucalyptus linearis, Dehnhardt. . Eucalyptus Risdoni, Hook. f.
Plates, 29-32. (Issued April, 1905.)
. Eucalyptus reqnans, F.v.M.
. Eucalyptus vitellina, Naudin, and Hucalyptus vitrea, R. T. Baker . Eucalyptus dives, Schauer.
. Eucalyptus Andrewsi, Maiden.
. Eucalyptus diversifolia, Bonpland.
Plates, 33-36. (Issued October, 1905.) Eucalyptus capitellata, Sm.
Plates, 37-40. (Issued March, 1907.)
. Eucalyptus alpina, Lindl.
. Eucalyptus microcorys, F.v.M.
. Eucalyptus acmenioides, Schauer.
. Eucalyptus umbra, R. T. Baker.
. Eucalyptus virgata, Sieber.
. Eucalyptus apiculata, Baker and Smith.
. Eucalyptus Luehmanniana, F. v. Mueller. . Eucalyptus Planchonoana, F.v.M.
Plates 41-44. (Issued November, 1907.)
. Hucalyptus piperita, Sm.
. Hucalyptus Sieberiana, F.v.M.
. Eucalyptus Consideniana, Maiden.
. Hucalyptus hemastoma, Sm.
. Hucalyptus siderophloia, Benth.
. ELucalyptus Boormani, Deane and Maiden. . Hucalyptus leptophleba, F.v.M.
. Hucalyptus Behriana, ¥.v.M.
. HLucalyptus populifolia, Hook.
Eucalyptus Bowmani, F.v.M. (Doubtful Species). Plates, 45-48. (Issued December, 1908.)
1¢ * » ‘ ? ivf oe : 3 eta PE Ae ee ee RP eee ee EEE Tene, hae ee ee
- ee “is weap ~
AAG RiMCAL NEVISION OF THE CeNnus MuUGALYerus
BY
eo MAIDEN
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).
Wow ee aida 2: Part XII of the Complete Work.
(WITH FOUR PLATES.)
‘* Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter, or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by” antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages. In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,
even when they fail, are entitled to praise.’’ Macautay’s ‘‘ Essay on Mitton.”
PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.
Published ly Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE QF NEW SOUTH WALES.
Svpnev :
WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP—STREET.
*73161—A 1910.
I. Eucalyptus Raveretiana, F.v.M.
WEScriptidn ~: 6 : : . : : ;
Notes supplementary to the description Range. A 6 5 ; : : ° 6 ° Affinities
LI. Eucalyptus crebra, F.v.M.
Description 3 4 5 : : 5 : ‘
Notes supplementary to the description .
Synonyms. : 4 : : é . 3 : Range 5 : : : 6 : : 5 Affinities . : ; : 6 : . ° :
LIl. Eucalyptus Staigeriana, F.v.M.
Description . 4 ° ° . ° . ° Notes supplementary to the description Synonym . 5 2 ° ° ° ° ° ° Range ° 5 ° ° ° ° ° ° ° Affinities . SHY dete ° ° . ° ° °
LUI. Eucalyptus melanophloia, F.v.M.
Description . : ° ° ° . . . Notes supplementary to the description Range ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °
Affinities . 5 . 6 ° . 6 ° C
LIV. Eucalyptus pruinosa, Schauer.
Description : . A . . ° Notes supplementary to the description Synonym . 5 : . ° ° ° ° ° Range. 4 z ° 6 ° ° ° ° A Affinities . . : : ° « °
69 69 7O 70 70
LV. Eucalyptus Smithit, R. T. Baker.
PAGE, Description : ae Aye kc aorta : : 76 Synonyms. . : b tie ; : : : ; : 76 ange)... . Ls Pea a ea ae i eb : 77 Beanies! 8 8s) 3 A Se ee LVI. Eucalyptus Naudiniana, F.v.M. Description A ; : : : / . 79 >» Notes A eens to, the Heeeriauon : i 79 Synonym... : é P : ‘ : 4 : 80 Range nie Dee Boer ies REE DS rien Boi eee sees a ‘ 81 PGMA S Ee: cy cgi Sy. hase Meee | ote Mypaleene Caer yas Sat yee 3 81 IENAUE Pucaypis sideronon A. Cunn. Description : ’ : 82 Anthers with ey pores ; ; EAs ; : 83 WAIST CS iie ts: yes (8, ae a Fi dae eh ae a ve : 3 84 Range F f : ; B , ; : ; : : 84 PATOULLOS gs Ae ue. Soot en 1, <a hs aches in macew enacts oeeya ete : 87 LVI, + Kbealipptue eee F.v.M.” Description : : : ; 4 : 88 Notes aes eee to the seer niin ; : 89 Synonym . ; : : : ; : : eae. ‘ go EETOLICS ya Sigs S80 APY. ea d® (oP een at, amt a : : 90 mange: ify. ; : ; ee : : : : : 93 PAST MAMIE 9%, oe) 8 ice, ie! ie) IS 5s a8 Le a ee gia : 94 HOLEXe oe cece bl: Maiden. Description : ; : ; : : ; 95 Range Cc : 6 . ‘ : : : ; A 95 Affinities . SS rapes othe ena Pe ee ae he: : : 96 Hybridism . a he : : : f Sf Pelee ; : 97
e 2 ? s 2 et 8 a
Feaolemarion of Plates 007.) sic. ya a eee 97
DESCRIPTION. [. E. Raveretiana, F.v.M.
Fragmenta phytographie Australie, x, 99 (1877). Figured and described in English in the “ Eucalyptographia.”
Notes supplementary to the Description.
The figure in the “ Eucalyptographia’’ is aot a very good one. While the tree has many leaves of the shape depicted, yet there are also numerous long lanceolar leaves, as figured at fig. 38a, Pl. 53 of the present work, while the juvenile leaves, figured at la and 1b of the same Plate, have not previously been figured or described.
They vary from obovate to broadly lanceolate and elliptical in shape. Texture rather thin but tough, underside pale, intramarginal vein rather distant from the edge.
The tree is very Jarge and sturdy, and the timber is very hard. It has flaky or hard scaly bark on the trunk and main branches. The flakes or furrows are not deep. The smaller branches are dirty blue grey in colour.
It isa ‘* Box ” tree.
RANGE.
Near Rockhampton, Queensland (Thozet and O’Shanesy) ; Dawson and Nercool Creek (Bowman); near Port Denison (Fitzalan) [Hwcalyptographia|. I have no additional localities other than those quoted. The type came from valleys within the tropic of Capricorn in Eastern Australia, but no definite locality. It doubtless came from the neighbourhood of Rockhampton.
Moore’s Creek, north of Rockhampton, is the nearest locality to Rockhampton where this species occurs.
** Occasional trees along creeks and borders of scrubs in Mackay and Bowen districts.”
ee TES!
1. With £. microtheca, F.viM.
Mueller ( Zucalyplographia) says these two species are closest related. The inflorescence and fruits of HW. Laveretiana are, however, smaller, being almost minute, the foliage is different, while the barks of the two trees are very different, and while the timber of Z. microtheca is red, that of 2. Raveretiana is of abrown colour. The latter specics is a much larger tree.
2and 3. With F. brachyandra, F.v.M., and E£. Howittiana, F.v.M. Mueller (Lucalyptographia) points out the resemblance of it to the former species as regards size of fruits. Being a minute-flowered species, 7. Howittiana, F.v.M., naturally also occurs to one in this connection.
From the point of view of anther-form, the closest affinity of this species is with the two Ironbarks 1. erebra and L. Staigeriana, and an Ironbark Box, £. leptophleba.
63
DESCRIPTION.
LI, E. erebra, F.v.M. Journ, Linn, Soc., iii, 87 (1859). Acain described in B.Fl. ili, 221, and also in Fucalyptographia. Some of
the trees referred to in the supplementary paragraphs (B,Fl. iii, 222) belong to #. melanophloia, F.v.M.
Notes supplementary to the Description.
It would have been better had the figure in the Lucalyptographia been placed upside down, as the foliage is pendulous. It is, indeed, the most graceful of the Tronbarks. It has often quite thin leaves, but this is not an unfailing character. The foliage often dries whitish, particularly when from drier localities,
The fruits are quite small, perhaps not quite so small, on the average, as those depicted in the Kucalyptographia, Sometimes they are so large as to cause possible confusion with HL. paniculata,
Sometimes the fruit has a rounded rim and has valves which are exsert.
SYNONYMS.
. E. racemosa, Cav. (probably).
. E. hemastoma, DC., non Sm.
. E. gracilis, Sieb., non F.v.M.
. E. angustifolia, Woolls.
. E. terminalis, Britten, non F,v.M,
oY ws oo bo Ht
1. Eucalyptus racemosus, 377. Eucalyptus foliis lanceolatis, acumine acutissimo valde producto ; florum umbellis in racemum dispositis. Caulis arborens 20 et amplius pedes altus antequam ramis ornetur iongis alternis iterum ramosis : folia obscure punctata, acumine acutissimo valde producto: nervus unicus longitudinalis, ex quo plures
alternatim adsurgunt, parum ab ipso divergentes: umbellae 7-9 florae, pedunculo communi brevi, alternae in racemum foliosum dispositae.
Obs.—D. L’Heritier habeo 1. et 2. fasciculum Serti Anglici ubi est character genericus Eucalypti ; tabulam non vidi. (Cav. Ic. iv, 24.) “Far too imperfectly described to render identification possible.” (B.FI. i, 200.) I concur, unless a specimen is available. The following, however, has been named racemosa by a good botanist.
A specimen in Herb. Vindob. is labelled “ Hucalyptus haematostoma, Smith ; E. racemosa, Cay., with a note ‘No. 476, Sicher.’”? It is Z. crebra, F.v.M.
64
2. EF. hemastoma, DC. non Smith.
Operculo hemisphaerico mucronulato cupula breviore, pedunculis axillaribus subterminalibusque subangulatis petiolo longioribus, aliis umbellam unicam aliis umbellas plures racemosé digestas gerentibus, floribus 5-10 pedicellatis, foliis linearilanceolatis acuminatis. In Nova-Hollandia. E. racemosa Cav. Icon. 4, p. 24, n. 377. White, Ztin. 226, cum icon. ex Smith et Willd., Sieb. Plant. Has. n. 476. Folia basi subaequalia 3 poll. longa, 6 lin. lata (v. s.). (DC., Prod. iii, 219).
3. E. gracilis, Sieb., ex Benth., B.FI. ii, 222.
To this form (specimens of 2. crebra from New England) appear to belong also Sieber’s specimens of Z. gracilis, Pl. Hxs. No. 476, referred by De Candolle to Z. hemastoma, but very different from Smith’s plant of that name. They are in young bud and in fruit. ;
I have examined the specimen in Herb. Kew on which, Bentham based the above remarks. It is in young bud, as stated, and has but one fruit, not quite ripe. I have since been able to examine better specimens of Sieber’s No. 476 (notably those in the Vienna Herbarium), and believe that Bentham’s view is a correct one, and that it is correctly referred to 4. crebra, F.v.M.
At the same time I desire to emphasise the fact that herbarium specimens in mature leaf and half-ripe bud of #. crebra, are very difficult to discriminate between those of #. hemastoma var. micrantha.
Indeed, I do not attach much importance to Sieber’s No. 476. They are incomplete; perhaps they are mixed.
4. E. angustifolia, Woolls.
Description.-—E. angustifolia is regarded as a variety of 2. paniculata, but the workmen, judging only from the wood, call it a distinct species, by the name of the Narrow-leaved Ironbark. (Lect. Veg. Kingd., 123.)
This is 2. crebra, F.v.M., according to Mueller (Hucalyptographia). It is found in the Grose Vale and Lower Kurrajong, and I collected it ‘there as directed by Dr. Woolls himself. :
5. FE. terminalis, Britten non F.v.M., in Jil., Bot. Captain Cook’s Voyage (Banks and Solander). Determinations by James Britten, ii, 39, with Plate 117.
RANGE.
THE type was apparently from no specific locality, but from the area between the Newcastle Range to Moreton Bay, both in Queensland, say from the Etheridge River, in 18’ N. lat. and 148° east longitude, to the Brisbane.
It is confined to New South Wales and Queensland, so far as we know at present. QUEENSLAND.
A specimen received from Kew, and examined by Bentham for the Flora Australiensis, bears the following label in Mueller’s handwriting, ‘‘ Hucalyptus -erebra, Ferd. Mueller. Ironbark tree. Burdekin River. Dr. M.” This is probably as near a type specimen as we shall get.
65
Following are additional Queensland localities mostly represented in the National Herbarium, Sydney :—
Brisbane River (Leichhardt), tips of valves exserted; Enoggera, Brisbane, and Taylor’s Range (F. M. Bailey); “A Grey Ironbark,” Maryborough (W. H. Williams); Brian Pastures, Gayndah, ‘‘ Narrow-leaved Ironbark” (S. A. Lindeman).
The foliage inclined to be glaucous, and some of it broader than usual. The fruits with a rounded rim. Rockhampton (R. Simmons). Fruit with a distinct rim, and valves slightly exsert. Rockhampton (Thozet).
I have seen similar specimens from Rockhampton (No. 1431, Amalia Dietrich), of the Museum Goddefroy, of Hamburg. There are similar specimens, Rockhampton (F. J. Byerley), who called it ‘ Black Box.” .
North Rockhampton (A. Murphy), with almost linear juvenile leaves. I cannot see any difference whatever between these specimens and those occurring near to Sydney.
Duaringa, 70 miles west of Rockhampton (J.H.M.).
*Tronbark.” <A tree up to 100 feet, and 2 feet in diameter; some of the fruits rather large, with a distinct angle when unripe. Valves slightly exsert. Stannary Hills (Dr. T. L. Bancroft) ; Cape River (S. Johnson).
Northern Queensland (?), Lizard Island or Thirsty Sound, Banks and Solander, 1770. Received from the British Museum, under the name “ E. terminalis, F.M.” (See p. 64.)
New South WALEs.
South —*< Mokaarago,”’ of the aborigines of the County of Camden. ** Narrow-leaved smooth or red Ironbark, 24-48 inches in diameter, 50-90 feet high. From Camden. ‘ The most picturesque of the different species of Eucalyptus called Tronbark ” (Sir William Macarthur, in Catalogues of N.S.W. Timbers for the Paris Exhibition, 1855, and London, 1862); ‘‘ Narrow-leaf Ironbark,” Camden (A, Rudder) ; Brownlow Hill, Camden (F. W. A. Downes) ; near Menangle (H. Deane) ; Thirlmere and West Bargo (J.H.M.); Smithfield (Wooils in B.Fl., iii, 222) ; Bankstown and Cabramatta (J. L. Boorman).
West.—Blacktown (Rh. T. Baker) ; Baulkham Hills (W. Woolls) ; Windsor (J. S. Allan); Grose Vale and Lower Kurrajong (J.H.M), urceolate and distinct rim to young fruit; Mulgoa (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.), the leaves varying in texture; Capertee (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman); Goulburn River, Murrumbo (R. T. Baker); Murrumbidgerie (A. Murphy); Dubbo (H. Deane, J. V. de Coque, J.H.M., and others); Minore (J. L. Boorman); Midway, near Dubbo (J. L. Boorman); Coonamble (Forest Ranger E. Taylor); Pilliga, with almost linear juvenile leaves (J. L. Boorman).
B
66
“ Narrow-leaf Red Ironbark” (in contradistinction to the Broad-leaved or Silver Ironbark, Z. melanophloia). Aboriginal name, “ Boobyinba.” “ One of our best timbers, useful for many purposes, durable and strong. Habitat, open forests. Plentiful in places where soil is sandy. Flowers January-May.” (Forest Ranger McGee, Narrabri).
The largest forest of creda in New South Wales (back country) is between Narrabri and Coonabarabran. There are fully two million acres of it. The forest commences at Gunnedah and goes to 25 miles from Coonamble.
North —Paterson River (J. L.. Boorman) ; ‘‘ Black Ironbark,” Clarence Town (A. Rudder); Booral (A. Rudder), who says of it, “it is a much smaller tree than either paniculata or siderophloia, and, as far as T have seen, is of spreading and somewhat drooping habit. Leaves very narrow; fruit and flowers very small. Timber in colour, when fresh, either red or dark brown. Suitable for railway sleepers and girders, &c., and for use in bridges and culverts generally, where long lengths are not required. Jt does not, as a rule, approach so near the coast as the above two species. I have seen a little of it near Clarence Town, and it is fairly plentiful on the tributaries of the Upper Hunter.’ Cooloongoolook (A. Rudder).
Branxton (J. L. Boorman); Wybong Creek (A. Rudder); Denman (Ww. Heron) ; Mertiwa, with broadish leaves like the Rockhampton specimens (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman); Gungal (J. L. Boorman); Murrurundi (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman) ; Page Niver and Gundy (J.H.M.). Tips of valves exserted; Scone (J:H.M. and J. L. Boorman).
Bentham’s No. 3 (in part).—‘ Specimens from New England, ©. Stuart, described as having the bark white, separating in thin strips, the colour of the specimens not atall glaucous, and the inflorescence rather less compound, but the shape of the leaves, their venation, and the flowers and fruits precisely those of Z. erebra.” . . . . (B.FI. ili, 222.) I have examined this specimen, which is in bud and flower, and concur in Bentham’s view that it is 2. crebra, F.v.M.
At the same time C. Stuart’s bark notes are those of 2. hemastoma, var. micrantha (his specimens haye got mixed in some way), and herbarium specimens of the variety and of crebra are often much alike, unless a complete suite be available.
* Red Ironbark,” Glen Innes (Forest Guard N. Stewart); western slopes of Dividing Range, County Clive, Tenterfield (A. 8. O. Reid); hills about Warialda (J.H.M., J. L. Boorman, Forest Guard Edward Julius); Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range (W. Dunn).
AP PINIT LES,
Tits is one of the Ironbarks with porantherous anthers (the others are E. melanophioia and #. siderophloia), which sharply separate them from those with truncate anthers, which include Z. paniculata and E. sideroxylon,
i
67 1, With F. melanophloia, F.v.M.
The narrow-leaved form of this species often displays considerable resem- blanee to #. crebra. See B.FI. iii, 222, where a number of specimens of JZ. melanophloia are referred to #. crebra by Bentham, and discussed by me at p. 71 of the present Part. Mueller refers to the subject in Hucalyptographia, wider Fi. crebra,
2. With F. leptophleba, F.v.M. (E£. drepanophylla, Benth.).
In the Hucalyptographia, under H#. crebra, Mueller expresses some doubt as to the specific value of the former species, and to its difference from #. erebra. He refers to the matter again in the same work under JL. siderophloia. See p. 334, Part X, of the present work. ;
Reference to my notes on LH. leptophiebaat p. 332, and the figares on Plate 48, show it to be markedly different from #. crebra. Seeing my note (p. 333) to the effect that the juvenile leaves of H. leptophleba were unknown, Dr. T. L. Bancroft, of Stannary Hills, North Qucensland, where the species is abundant, obligingly sent me juvenile leaves. They are huge, and as different from those of Z. crebra as it is possible for them to be.
They are elliptical or nearly oblong in shape, very coriaceous, equally green on both sides, and 44 inches in breadth by 7 inches in length are common dimen- sions! Tue veins are prominent, roughly parallel, and often nearly at right angles to the midrib. The intramarginal vein is at a considerable distance from the edge.
Mr. F. M. Bailey, in the Queensland Agric. Journ., xxiii, p. 259 (1909), has redescribed these specimens, which in my view are L. leptophleba (LE. drepanophylla) as a new species, under the name of LZ. Stoneana.
8. With EF. hemastoma, Sm., var. micrantha, Benth.
FE. crebra is a small-flowered, often small-leaved species, and therefore it becomes necessary sometimes to compare it with other small-flowered species. It is sometimes very difficult, with the incomplete specimens often found in herbaria, to distinguish between the two plants. In the field their appearance is, of course, quite different, 2. hemasloma being a White Gum and ZL. erebra an Ironbark.
4, With E. microtheca, F.v.M.
In flower this species (crebra), especially in the thicker-leaved specimens, is sometimes difficult to distinguish from 2. brachypoda (£. microtheca is meant in this instance ; see page 51, Part XI, of this work); the leaves are generally, but not always, thinner, with more oblique veins, and the flowers not so glaucous, with the calyx less open ; the fruit is, however, very differently shaped. (B.FV. iii, 222.)
The above remarks were doubtless written partly in contemplation of those specimens of Z#. crebra found in dry localities (see p. 68), and partly of those lanceolar-leaved forms of #. melanophloia formerly considered (on herbarium specimens only) to belong to #. crebra. See also my remarks at p. 53, Part XT, of this work.
68
The two trees could not be confused in the bush, #. erebra being an Ironbark. with more or less of a boxy bark as the tropics are approached, while L. microtheca is a Black Box, with flaky black bark on the butt, or it is a White Gum in Western Australia, where, however, there is no H. crebra, so far as we know.
5. With £. bicolor, A. Cunn., (E. largiflorens, F.v.M).
No. 4731, Robert Brown’s Collections (1802-5), distributed by order of J. J. Bennett, is labelled H. bicolor, A. Cunn., in many collections.
Mueller refers to the similarity of the two species, and says :—
E. bicolor (largiflorens) recedes by its paler, less furrowed bark ; the leaves more conspicuously and darker dotted ;_ the lateral veins less copious; the circumferential vein much more removed from the edge ; the anther-cells opening through a pore-like aperture; and the lid perhaps generally shorter and blunter.
E. crebra is an Ironbark, although the furrows get shallower as the tropics are reached. 7. dicolor has black scaly bark ; the wood of the two species is a good deal alike. The juvenile leaves of the two species are very narrow, and both trees have a drooping habit. The leaves of #. bicolor are glaucous, and those of HE. erebra, as has been more than once pointed out, get glaucous also in dry localities. The foliage and branchlets of #. crebra are usually thinner and the fruits smaller. The filaments of #. bicolor are shorter.
6. With EF. aemenioides, Schauer.
4. Gum-tree from the Brisbane, Leichhardt, with small globular fruits, much contracted at the orifice, but no flowers; the leaves those of the common Moreton Bay 2. crebra. (BF. iii, 222, under
Li. crebra.)
The leaves are nearly black, particularly on the upper surface, an appearance which is often occasioned through specimens having been wet and having become heated in that state, before drying. The under-surface is pale. I have been unable to find any Queensland specimens (Brisbane River or otherwise) precisely similar to Leichhardt’s, but am of opinion that they are a narrow-leaved form of JZ. acmenioides, probably taken from the top of the tree, where the smallest leaves are usually found.
The affinity between /. acmenioides and LF. crebra is not close, and I quote the present example of supposed affinity for what it is worth, as I think we should endeavour to elucidate all specimens referred to in Bentham’s classic.
69
DESCRIPTION. Lil. E. Staigeriana, F.v.M.
Ex Bailey in Syn. Queensland Flora, 176 (1888).
THE original description is as follows :—
Lemon-scented Ironbark tree of medium size ; foliage glaucous. Leaves obovate to almost lanceolate, 2 to 5 inches long, 4 to nearly 2 inches broad, petiole about 1 inch ; oil-dots numerous; veins not prominent, the intramarginal one near the edge. Peduncles lateral, about 1 inch long, each bearing from 3 to 6 small flowers, often forming terminal panicles. Operculum conical. Calyx-tube about 1 line diameter. Stamens 1 to 2 lines long, inflected in the bud; anthers globular. Fruit about 2 lines diameter. Seeds disk-like. (Palmer River.)
The foliage of this tree, which was first discovered by P. F. Sellheim, yields a large quantity of oil, equal in fragrance to that of lemons, and for which it forms an excellent substitute. The percentage of oil from dry leaves obtained by Mr. Staiger is 2?; the specific gravity 0-901.
Notes supplementary to the Description. The species was named in honour of Karl Theodore Staiger, Government Analytical Chemist of Queensland for some years, and who made many experiments in regard to the chemistry of native plants.
The present work only touches incidentally upon matters of economic botany, but since this is not a New South Wales species, and I, therefore, cannot deal with it in my “Forest Flora of New South Wales,” I give brief particulars concerning its essential oil. Mr. Staiger first examined it, reporting that :—“ The leaves possess an odour very like the Scented Verbena (Zippia citriodora) ; and yield an oil similar to the verbena oil (from Andropogon citratus) of commerce. He found the dried leaves to yield 2% to 3 per cent. (other figures give 1,290 oz. to 1 ton of dry leaves) of volatile oil of specific gravity 901.”
Then Messrs. Schimmel & Co., of Leipzig, reported :—
Its leaves yield upon distillation 2°75—3-36 per cent. of an oil smelling pleasantly like lemon and verbena. It has the sp. gr. 0°880—-0-901 and boils from 170—230°. The lemon-like odour is due to citral ; which, besides terpenes, forms the principal constituents of the oil.* The same firm subsequently stated :—
Percentage of yield of oil from raw material, 3-7; specific gravity at 15° C. -880; contains Citral; boils between 223° and 233°.T
Finally, Messrs. Baker and Smith published a paper, entitled ‘The Lemon- scented Ironbark (Hucalyptus Staigeriana, F.v.M.) and its essential oil.”’{ They find
the oil to contain :—
Limonene ... ee mas oat uot ee 6000 Geraniol ... Lom a Oe De 72, Geranyl Acetate ... BS whe seg hoa) es Citral oe mie Doe Ai ne ee elG:00 Undetermined ne ae 3a ie Aes 2°96 100:00
= Bericht von Schimmel & Co., April, 1888, p. 20. t+ Ib., October, 1893, p. 21.
+ Pharm. Journ., 19th May, 1906, p. 571.
SYNONYM.
E. crebra, F.v.M., var. citrata, F.v.M.
Fruit-bearing twigs of an Ironbark tree, with lemon-scented foliage, were obtained by Mr. Bailey on the Palmer River ; these seem referable to Z. crebra also, although the leaves are shorter and blunter, and the peripheric vein is slightly removed from the edge ; the fragrance of this supposed variety, which might be called citrata, is so exquisite that the leaves can be used asa culinary condiment. (‘Eucalyptographia,” under #, crebra.) ‘he idea of flavouring food with a citronella-like oil is amusing.
RANGE.
Irs range appears to be very limited, being confined to a not very extensive area in Northern Queensland, chiefly on the Palmer River (south-west of Cooktown). Hence its seed is sought after as a commercially valuable oil-bearing Eucalyptus tree for tropical countries.
APFINITIES,
1. With E. crebra, F.v.M.
The affinity is very close. The shape of the juvenile foliage and the odour of the leaves separate them. ‘There is no citral in & eredra. The flowers and fruits of £. Staigeriana are, generally speaking, coarser than those of #. crebra. The wood, bark, and habit of the two trees are very similar. ‘The fruit is sometimes conoid and with a rounded rim, like that of . crebra.
2. With EF. melanophloia, F.v.M. The affinity is even closer to the lanceolate-leaved form of this species than with #. crebra. There is no citral in the leaves of £. melanophloia,
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DESCRIPTION:
LI, E. melanophloia, F.y.M.
In Journ. Linn. Soc., iii, 93 (1859), in Latin.
DESCRIBED in English by Bentham in B. FV. iii, 220, with a doubt (p. 221), but subsequent investigations have confirmed its claim to specific rank.
It was not figured by Mueller in the “ Eucalyptographia,” butit was included by him in his ‘‘ Second Census” (1889).
Notes supplementary to the Description.
Bark.—tThe bark varies. Mueller, in the original description, says: “ persis- tent bark thick, deeply furrowed, rough and blackish.” He then speaks of Leichhardt (Overland Expedition, Sc.) having found a second form, about the Gulf of Carpentaria, with dirty greyish, flaky bark.
Leaves.—The shapes of the leaves vary. The original description of them is “15 to 3 inches long, 1-2 broad, obtuse or cuspidate-acuminate, occasionally cordate-lanceolate or entirely cordate.”
Let us now study some specimens examined by Bentham for the Flora Australiensis.
1. Box-tree of the Mackenzie River, Leichhardt, also on the Suttor River, Bowman, described by both as having the bark persistent and fissured. The specimens are somewhat glaucous, the leaves rather thin and broad, and often obtuse. The flowers quite those of HE. crebra, the fruit not seen. This is very probably an alternate-leaved state of EZ. melanophloia. (B.Fl. iii, 222, under E. crebra.)
The above two specimens are on one sheet in Herb. Kew. A note on the first is “‘ Bark fissured,’ and on the second “ Bark fissured, not shedding.”
2, Gum-topped Box from Suttor River, Bowman, described as having the bark furrowed and persistent on the trunk, coming off in layers on the branches. Flowers of #. crebra. Fruits of the same shape, but rather larger, much smaller, however, than in &. drepanophylla. (B.Fl. iii, 222, under E. crebra.)
These three specimens are, in my. opinion, identical. They were presented to me by the Director of Kew early in 1901 as the result of an application made by me during my visit to Kew in 1900.
They are the lanceolate-leaved form of Z. melanophloia, F.v.M., that species having frequently lanceolate leaves and leaves of the ordinary shape on the same tree.
As regards the term ‘“‘ Box,” as EZ. melanophloia approaches the warmer parts of Queensland its bark assumes less of the Ironbark character, and takes on that of a Box. (See my remarks on L. crebra at p. 68.)
These specimens are interesting, as the identical ones which caused Bentham (B.F1. iii; 221 and 222) and Mueller (Hucalyptographia) to hesitate as to the relations between ZL. crebra and EL. melanophloia.
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In a paper* Mr. R. T. Baker has emphasised this leaf-variation, and gives figures. I have figured small pieces of Bentham’s specimens (these are hetero- blastic, i.e., with the juvenile and adult leaves different, as with most Eucalypts), at figs. 13-15 of Pl. 53, while what may be termed the normal form (homoblastic, with the juvenile and adult leaves similar) will be found figured on PI. 54, figs. 1-4.
Mr. E. Maher, of Collaroy, gave me the name “ Ginghi”’ as the native name for this tree on the Macquarie. I have received the name “ Ghinghit’”’ from the Dubbo district, but cannot understand the difference between the two words.
RANGE.
In the original description the localities given for this species are :—
(a) Newcastle Range to Moreton Bay, accompanying #. crebra, and indicating sterile soil.
(b) Sub-tropical New Holland (Mitchell). ‘March 5, 1846. No. 485. Ironbark. Sub-tropical New Holland. Lieut.-Col. Sir T. L. Mitchell. #. pulverulenta, aff. H.” (Hooker). Copy of a label in Herb. Cant. ex Herb. Lindl. This is 2. melanophloia.
Mitchell, see his ‘“‘ Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia,” p. 80, and map, was, on that date, at the “Springs of Carawy,” in lat. 30° S. and, say, 148° 30° east longitude, a little to the north of Walgett, New South Wales. :
(c) Moreton Bay, Moore, No. 66 of the ‘ Sydney ” woods, Paris Exhibition (1855). The word ‘“ Sydney’? may be misleading. The collection was got together in Sydney, but the original label is ‘The Silver-leaved Ironbark of the Northern Districts”? (which in this particular instance referred to Moreton Bay, Queensland not having been proclaimed a separate colony).
It is very extensively distributed in the drier parts of New South Wales and Queensland. Following are some localities represented in the National Herbarium, Sydney :— New Sourn WALES.
* Silver-leaved Ironbark,” Dubbo (J. L. Boorman); Tomingley to Narromine, fruits very small (J.H.M.) ; Mulungerebar, Coolabah; also Willeroon, only a few in the district (R. W. Peacock) ; Ford’s Bridge, 41 miles west of. Bourke, on red sandy ridges (A. Murphy) ; Bourke district (O. C. Macdougall).
** Silver or Broad-leaved Ironbark,’ Narrabri-(Henry Deane, J. L. Boorman, J.H.M.) ; Gundy, near Scone, the most easterly recorded locality (J.H.M.) ; Walroodah, Barraba (R. D. Hay); ‘* Narrow-leaved form,” Howell, near Inverell (E. C. Andrews).
* On Hucalyptus melanophloia, F.v.M., and its cognate species.” (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxvii (1902), 225.)
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** A very common tree all over the Warialda district, both on the hills and on the low lands” (J. L. Boorman); No. 10 (Rev. H. M. R. Rupp); No. 12, the ordinary broad-leaved form, and No. 84, the narrow-leaved form, Warialda (E. J. Hadley).
Common all over the Warialda and Bingera district. Many were killed by the last drought. Yallaroi (Forest Guard Edward Julius); Ashford (W. S. Campbell) ; Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range (W. Dunn).
QUEENSLAND.
Morven (collected for F. M. Bailey); ‘‘Silver-leaved Ironbark,” ‘Of no utility,” Maryborough (W. A. Williams) ; “ Silver-leaved Ironbark,” Brian Pastures, Gayndah (S. A. Lindeman); Rockhampton, narrowish leaves (Amalia Dietrich) ; Rockhampton, with normal leaves (R. Simmons); “ Box tree of the Mackenzie River” (Leichhardt), the narrow-leaved form. A specimen like this shows considerable resemblance to 2. microtheca, F.v.M.; King’s Creek (E. Bowman) ; “ Tronbark,”’ also “‘ Weeping Box,” Jericho‘(H. Deane), leaves medium broad. There is no difference between them. Mr. Deane, a considerable authority on Eucalyptus, labels them ‘‘ Weeping Box,” “ Mackenzie River Box—White stem.” See p. 71;