*

STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE...

1951

Member of American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education.

Member of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary

Schools— A Unit of the Association of American Colleges.

CLARION, PA.

Volume XLI 1951 Number 2

Clarion, Pennsylvania

Member of American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education

Member of Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools

The Catalogue Number 1951-52

Published by the Board of Trustees

Entered at the post office at Clarion, Pennsylvania, as second class matter under the Act of August 24, 1912

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

State Council of Education 3

Board of Trustees 3

Administrative Officers 4

Calendar 5

Faculty 6

Purpose of the College 12

Location 16

Campus and Buildings 17

Housing Facilities, 20

The Social Program 22

College Activities Not Included in Curriculums 22

Assembly Attendance 22

Summer Session 28

Night Classes 28

Film Library 28

Placement Service 28

Student Activity Fee 29

Regulations Regarding Charges 29

Regulations Regarding Repayment 31

Summary of Fees 33

Summer Fees 34

Library Science Fee 35

Help for Worthy Students 35

Requirements for Admission 37

Admission of Freshmen in September, 1951 40

Scholarship Requirements 41

Advanced Standing 42

Certification 44

Curricula 45

Curriculum — Elementary 47

Curriculum — Electives for Elementary 49

Curriculum — Secondary 51

Curriculum — Library Science 53

Curriculum — Aeronautics Education 56

Elective Fields — Secondary 56

Safe Driving 62

Curriculum — Speech 66

Description of Courses 67

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION

Francis B. Haas, Superintendent oj Public Instruction

TEACHER EDUCATION AND CERTIFICATION

Henry Klonower, Director

John K. Trayer Stanley A. Wengert

Assistant Director Assistant Director

STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATION

President and Chief Executive Officer, Francis B. Haas

W. Floyd Clingek Warren

Elsie M. Heckman Allentown

Donald L. Helfferich Lansdowne

Miles Horst Palmyra

Robert C. Shaw Camp Hill

G. Morris Smith Selinsgrove

Herbert J. Stockton Johnstown

John J. Sullivan Philadelphia

THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES

State Teachers College, Clarion, Pennsylvania

Dr. Francis B. Haas, Ex-Officio

Superintendent of Public Instruction

Raymond E. Brown, President Brookville, Pa.

PERCY C. Andrews, Vice-President New Bethlehem, Pa.

Mrs. Margaret B. Beck, Secretary Clarion, Pa.

Henry M. Amslek Clarion, Pa.

Robert S. Bates Meadville, Pa.

Samuel Breen Oil City, Pa.

John' H. Hughes Brookville, Pa.

Evan J. Jones Bradford, Pa.

Roy R. Underwood Knox, Pa.

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS

Paul G. Chandler, Ph. D. President

James D. Moore, M. Ed. Dean of Education

Lottie J. Wingard Registrar

Grace M. Stoke, M. A. Dean of Women

S. E. Slick, Ph. D. Dean of Men

Richard C. Skinner, M. A., Ed. M. Director of Student Teaching

Deforest Bowman Bursar

Mrs. Mary D. McNeil, A. B. Dietitian

Fannie C. Owens, R.N.

Nurse

Bernard McEntire

Superintendent of Grounds and Buildings

Mrs. Eliza Doverspike Household Director

CALENDAR 1951-52

PRE-SESSION 1951

Session Begins Monday, June 4

Session Ends Friday, June 22

SUMMER SESSION 1951

Session Begins Monday, June 25

Session Ends Friday, August 3

POST-SESSION 1951

Session Begins Monday, August 6

Session Ends Friday, August 24

FIRST SEMESTER 1951-52

Registration of Freshmen Monday, September 10

Registration of Upperclassmen Tuesday, September 11

Classes Begin at 8:00 a.m Wednesday, September 12

Evening Classes Begin Thursday, September 13

Thanksgiving Recess Begins at the

Close of Classes Tuesday, November 20

Thanksgiving Recess Ends at 8:00 a.m. Monday, November 26 Christmas Recess Begins at the

Close of Classes Friday, December 21

Christmas Recess Ends at 8:00 a.m Thursday, January 3

First Semester Ends at the

Close of Classes Thursday, January 17

SECOND SEMESTER 1951-52

Registration Tuesday and Wednesday January 22 and 23

Classes Begin at 8:00 a.m Thursday, January 24

Evening Classes Begin Thursday, January 24

Easter Recess Begins at the

Close of Classes Friday, April 4

Easter Recess Ends at 8:00 a.m Wednesday, April 16

Alumni Day Saturday, May 24

Baccalaureate Services Sunday, May 25

Commencement Monday, May 26

STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

THE FACULTY

Paul G. Chandler, Ph.D President

Kentucky Wesleyan, B.A.; Columbia Unversity, M. A., Ph.D.

Margaret B. Aaron, M.Ed.

Co-operative Teacher — Jr. H.S.Grades Clarion State Teachers College, B.S.; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.

Mary K. Banner, M.Ed.

Demonstration Teacher — Intermediate Grades Seton Hill College, B.A.; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.

Margaret A. Boyd, M.A English

Graduate, two-year course, Bethany College; University of Pitts- burgh, A.B.; M.A.; Additional graduate work at University of Wisconsin; Oxford University, Oxford, England; University of California, Columbia University.

Frank M. Campbell, M.A.

Head of Foreign Language Department Grove City College, A.B.; Pennsylvania State College, M.A.Ed.

Rena M. Carlson, M.A.,L.S Read Librarian

Greenville College, A.B.; Carnegie Institute of Technology, B.S. ; Graduate work at University of Southern California; University of Michigan, M.A.

Thomas A. Carnahan, M.Ed.

Mathematics, Engineering Drawing

Grove City College, B.S.; Pennsylvania State College, M.Ed.; Additonal graduate work at University of Southern California.

Bruce H. Dinsmore, M.A Science, Mathematics

Indiana State Teachers College, B.S. ; Columbia University, M.A.

Walter J. Doverspike, M.Ed.

Co-operative Teacher — Sr. H.S. Grades

Graduate, Clarion State Normal School; Thiel College, B.S. ; Uni- versity of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.

Charles R. Flack, B.L.S.; M.A.

Head of Library Science Department

Graduate, Library School, University of Wisconsin; University of Alberta, B.A.; University of Illinois, B.L.S., M.A.; Graduate study University of Illinois, University of Chicago.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA

Wayne L. Fulton, B.S.

Co-operative Teacher — Sr. H. S. Grades

Clarion State Teachers College, B.S. ; Graduate work, Penn State College.

Mildred E. Gamble, M.A.

Demonstration Teacher — Intermediate Grades

Graduate, Indiana State Normal School, University of Pittsburgh, A.B.; Teachers College, Columbia University, M.A.

Howard E. Gayley, Ph. D.

Co-operative Teacher — Sr. H. S. Grades

Franklin and Marshall, A.B.; Pennsylvania State College, M.S.; Ohio State University, Ph.D.

Ruth Graff, M.A.

Demonstration Teacher — Primary Grades

Clarion State Teachers College, B.S. ; Columbia University, M.A.; Additional graduate work, University of Pittsburgh.

Walter L. Hart, M. of F.A., Head of Music Department

Grove City College, B.M.; Carnegie Institute of Technology, M. of FA.; Additional graduate work, St. Bonaventure College.

Dorothy C. Hartman, A.B.

Co-operative Teacher— Sr. H. S. Grades

Wittenberg College, A.B.; Graduate work, University of Pitts- burgh.

Harrison A. Hartman, M.A.

English, Social Studies, Geography

Attended Westminster College, University of Pittsburgh, A.B.; Columbia University, M.A.; Additional graduate work at Columbia; University of Pittsburgh.

James W. Kassel, M.Litt.

Co-operative Teacher — Jr. H. S. Grades

Clarion State Teachers College, B.S. ; University of Pittsburgh, M. Litt.

BENTON A. Kribbs, B.S Health and Physical Education

Clarion State Teachers College, B.S. ; Graduate work, Pennsylvania State College.

STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

C. A. Kuhner, M.S Head of Geography Department

Ohio University, B.S. ; University of Wisconsin, M.S.; Additional graduate work, University of Chicago; University of Pittsburgh.

Mildred Lenk, M.A.

Demonstration Teacher — Sr. H. S. Grades

Ohio University, A.B.; University of Cincinnati, Taft Fellow, M.A.; Additional graduate work, New York University.

George R. Lewis, M.Litt., Head of Mathematics Department

East Stroudsburg State Teachers College, B.S.; University of Pittsburgh, M.Litt.; Graduate work, Bucknell College; Pennsyl- vania State College.

Stanley W. Lore, Ed.D.

Director of Student Personnel Psychology

Clarion State Teachers College, B.S. ; Pennsylvania State College, M.Ed.; Ed.D.

Harry S. Manson, M.A.

Head of Biological Science Department

Graduate of Clarion State Normal School; Attended Pennsylvania State College; Grove City College, B.S., M.A. ; Additional graduate work, Cornell University; Teachers College, Columbia University; University of Pittsburgh.

Lawrence W. Marks, A.B.

Co-operative Teacher — Sr. H. S. Grades

Pennsylvania State College, A.B.; Graduate work, Pennsylvania State College; University of Pittsburgh.

Marie Marwick, M.A Speech — English

Michigan State Normal College, B.Pd. ; University of Arizona, A.B.; Columbia University, M.A. ; Additional graduate work, University of Pittsburgh; University of California.

James D. Moore, M.Ed Dean of Instruction

Muskingum College, A.B. ; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.;

Bertha V. Nair, M.A.

Head of English Department — Latin

Westminster College, A.B.; University of Pittsburgh, M.A. ; Addi- tional graduate work, Harvard University; University of Wis- consin.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA

Galen L. Ober, M.Ed Science

Indiana State Teachers College, B.S.; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.

George F. Ober, M.Ed Science

Graduate, Indiana State Normal School; Pennsylvania State Col- lege, B.S.; Graduate work in Pennsylvania State College; Uni- versity of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.

Donald D. Peirce, Ph.D.

Head of Physical Science Department

Oberlin College, A.B.; Attended Clarion State Normal School; Graduate work, Pennsylvania State College; University of Illinois; M.A.; Ph.D.

Virginia M. Pemberton, M.A.

Demonstration Teacher — Primary Grades

Fredonia State Teachers College, Hofstva College, New York University, B.S.; M.A. ; Additional graduate work, New York University.

Donald R. Predmore, Ph.D Science

Miami University, Lender graduate work; University of Pittsburgh, B. S., M.A., Ph.D.

Maude I. Reynolds, M.Ed.

Co-operative Teacher — Jr. H. S. Grades Clarion State Teachers College, B.S. ; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed

Bird E. Riley, M.Ed.

Co-operative Teacher — Sr. H. S. Grades Clarion State Teachers College, B.S. ; University of Pittsburgh, M. Ed.

Hazel Sandford, M.A Head of Art Department

Graduate, State Normal School, Fredonia, N.Y. ; Cornell Univers- ity, B.S.; Graduate work, Teachers College, Columbia University; New York School of Fine Arts; New York University, M.A.; Thurn School of Modern Art; Carnegie Institute of Technology; University of Pittsburgh; Study in Europe.

Nellda B. Schnatterly, M.Ed.

Demonstration Teacher — Primary Grades

California State Teachers College, B.S. ; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.

Paul L. Shank, M.Ed Science

Bethany College, B.S.; Graduate work, University of West Vir- ginia; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed; Additional graduate work, University of Pittsburgh.

10 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Harriet Skaggs, M.A English

West Virginia University, A.B.; Peabody College, M.A.

Richard C. Skinner, M.A.

Head of Education Department and Director of Student Teaching

Western Illinois State Teachers College, B.Ed.; Northwestern University, M.A.; University of Illinois, Ed. M.; Additional grad- uate work at University of Illinois.

Sewell E. Slick, Ph.D. . . Head of Social Studies Department

University of Missouri, B.A.; University of Pittsburgh, M.A.; Ph.D.

Ethel M. Spaller, M.A Health and Physical Education

Ithaca School of Physical Education; Ohio State University, B.S. ; Columbia University, M.A.

Willard M. Stevens, Ed.D.

Demonstration Teacher — Jr. H. S. Grades Attended Indiana State Teachers College; University of Wis- consin; Pennsylvania State College, B.S. in Ed.; University of Pittsburgh, Ed.M., Ed. D.

Grace D. Stewart, M.Ed.

Co-operative Teacher — Sr. H.S. Grades

Clarion State Teachers College, B.S. ; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.

Martha Stewart, Ed.M Librarian

Northwestern University, B.A.; Carnegie Institute of Technology, B.S. in L.S.; University of Pittsburgh, Ed. M.

Dana S. Still, M.A.

Demonstration Teacher— Jr. H. S. Grades Ohio State University, B.S.; M.A.

Grace M. Stoke, M.A Dean of Women — Education

Graduate of Indiana State Normal School; Allegheny College, A.B.; Columbia University, M.A.

Evelyn J. Strohecker, M.A.

Kinder gar ten- Primary, Education

Graduate, Susquehanna University, B.S. ; Graduate work at Col- umbia University, M.A.; Additional graduate work Columbia

University.

STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE 11

J. Glenn Tallant, Ph.D Social Studies

Attended University of Chattanooga; George Peabody College, B.S., M.A.; Graduate work, Vanderbilt University; University of Chicago; George Peabody College, Ph.D.

Ruth J. Thompson, B.S.

Demonstration Teacher — Intermediate Grades

Clarion State Teachers College, B.S.; Graduate work, University of Pittsburgh.

Waldo Samuel Tippin, M.A.

Head of Physical Education Department

Attended Kansas State College; Geneva College, B.S.; Graduate work University of Michigan; Columbia University, M.A.

Hazel L. Usher, M.A.

Demonstration Teacher — Jr. II. S. Grades

University of Pittsburgh, B.A..M.A. Additional graduate work, University of Pittsburgh.

Samuel A. Wilhelm, Litt.M.

Demonstration Teacher — Sr. II. S. Grades

Clarion State Teachers College, B.S.; University of Pittsburgh, Litt.M.; Additional graduate work University of Wisconsin and Harvard University.

John VV. F. Wilkinson, Litt.D. {emeritus)

Princeton University, A.B., A.M. Post graduate work at Columbia University; Grove City College, Litt.D.

Anna B. Graham, B.S. {emeritus)

Graduate, Clarion State Normal School; Attended University of Pennsylvania; New York University; Clarion State Teachers College, B.S.; Graduate work, University of Pittsburgh.

Charles F. Becker, M.A. {emeritus)

Mt. Union College, Ph. B.; Teachers College, Columbia University, M.A.; Additional Graduate work at Columbia; Pennsylvania State College; University of Pittsburgh.

Effie Blanche Hepler, B.S. {emeritus)

Graduate, Clarion State Normal School; Attended Teachers College, Columbia University; Clarion State Teachers College; Bucknell I'tiiversity; Geneva College, BS.

12 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

PURPOSES AND OBJECTIVES OF THE COLLEGE

The first two years give a broad cultural foundation. The class work and social life of the college aim to develop re- sponsibility, poise, assurance, and independence. A well- trained teaching staff seeks to inculcate high ideals of teaching and strives to evolve a sound pilosophy of education as well as a thorough familiarity with the best public school teaching, in the Training School.

The major functions of Clarion State Teachers College are directed by four dominant purposes:

1. To provide a liberal and cultural education for all its students.

2. To prepare prospective teachers in the professional requirements of their vocation.

3. To exercise educational leadership and to provide services for the improvement of public education.

4. To adapt the functions of the College to the present needs of the community-at-large with respect to pre- professional training other than teacher training (Penn- sylvania State College Freshmen).

These purposes define the responsibilities of the College in serving the needs of the total College community which comprises one of the specified thirteen Pennsylvania State Teachers College Districts, within which there is no other institution of higher learning to serve either as a teacher training institution or as a cultural center for the people residing in the whole of five counties and in parts of three additional counties.

With the foregoing major purposes in mind, the College faculty considers the following four groups of objectives as necessary to the achievement of these purposes:

First. A liberal and cultural education shall be reflected in the total behavior patterns of each graduate of the College.

Evidence to such education includes skill in the correct and effective use of the English language, both oral and written.

Included also are attitudes of aesthetic appre- ciation, wholesome recreational practices, and evidence of healthful living and emotional sta-

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 13

bility; consequently it is important that each student develop a maturing philosophy of living which shall reflect qualities of objective thought, courage, patience, good will toward others, and enthusiasm for one's chosen work and its social significance.

The College seeks to develop in each student an acceptance of the method of science in dealing with problems with which he may be confronted.

The College seeks in each graduate evidence of a broad sense of civic responsility which is consistent with an acceptance of the basic social values of our democratic society. Such civic re- sponsibility implies an awareness of the signifi- cant problems of our civilization and a knowledge of their historical antecedents, plus the propen- sity to participate in and contribute to the pro- gressive improvement of social institutions. Sought also is evidence of each student's co-operative participation in the affairs of campus life, in the extra-curricular activities of the College pro- gram, as well as in supplementary activities sponsored by civic, social, and religious organi- zations of the community-at-large.

Of primary importance, and basic to the fore- going objectives, is the concern that each student should give evidence of adequate subject matter mastery in his major areas of study as well as an appreciation of the significant concepts in related areas.

Second: Preparation for the professional requirements of teaching shall give evidence that, the College per- sonnel services, have, so far as possible, selected for admission, students with promising teaching potentialities, and that each student has been effectively counselled in his selection of the area and level of teaching for which he is best fitted.

Each candidate for the teaching profession shall, upon completion of his study, display an understanding of the function of education as a social institution, a knowledge of educational aims, an appreciation of the problems and cur- rent issues in American education, as well as

14

STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 15

familiarity with the present status of educational practice in this country.

Adequate experience in student leaching should equip each student with a working familiarity with the following aspects of educational practice: teaching procedures in his selected teaching fields, curriculum development procedures, individual stu- dent educational diagnosis, remedial teaching prac- tices, utilization of special interests and talents of students, administrative and supervisory prac- tices in the public schools, extra-curricular activities of students, and professional ethics of teachers.

As a culminating objective in professional train- ing, the maturing student should show a desire to improve his teaching efficiency through graduate study, travel and enrichment of experience.

The College continuously seeks practical means providing educational leadership and services to the public schools in the local area. The objectives in the realization of this purpose include intro- ducing newer practices in teaching by means of classroom demonstrations for visiting teachers, providing speakers and consultants for public schools, as well as making available to public schools displays of library and other educational materials and the facilities of an extensive edu- cational film loan library. Also provided is a con- tinuous program of in-service training for prac- ticing teachers by means of evening courses and special study. In addition, College staff members join with numerous committees of public school teachers in developing curriculum revision pro- grams and in other efforts such as construction plans for school buildings, planning for the pur- chase of educational equipment and supplies.

The college considers one of its most import- ant objectives in providing educational leadership to be that of recruiting for the profession young people; who, by considerations of personal endow- ment and attainment, promise to contribute most to the teaching profession.

16 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Fourth: The fourth group of objectives are related to efforts of the College to adapt its functions to the present needs of the community-at-large. The pyramiding tasks of post-war college education require pre-professional and general education in greater demand than can readily be provided. Therefore, in response to the requests of the com- munity-at-large, the College, in co-operation with other institutions of higher learning, offers pre- professional and liberal-cultural education to those of the student population who elect to finish their professional training in non-teaching vocations at other institutions. The objectives for this type of training are chiefly those of mastery of specific courses in mathematics and science. Of course, the objectives of the liberal and cultural purposes of the College apply to these special students insofar as their programs may permit.

LOCATION

The college is situated in Clarion, Clarion County, one of the most beautiful spots among the hills of Western Penn- sylvania. The town has a population of 4,000 and is one of the most attractive towns in the State. Clarion is in the trout fishing and deer hunting area of the State. Its air is clear and invigorating; its surroundings are pleasant and health- giving. Clarion is situated upon a plateau overlooking the Clarion River. The College lies upon a slight elevation in the eastern part of the town. Clarion County lies at the junction of the coal, oil, and gas fields and is therefore surrounded by industrial areas of a very diversified character, thus facilitating study of industry without the necessity of living in it. Because of the glass sand and natural gas it is in the center of the State's glass manufacturing plants. Clays mined in the Clarion area support its pottery, tile, and fire brick industries.

HOW TO REACH CLARION

Clarion is located on the Lakes-to-sea-Highway. Thus it is connected by improved roads with Bradford, routes 219-68; Brookville, Dubois, Reynoldsville, Luthersburg, Clear- field, and Phillipsburg, route 322; Butler, East Brady, and Rimersburg, route 68; Emlenton and Knox, routes 238-322; Emporium, routes 120-219-28-322; Kane, routes 68-322; Franklin and Meadville, routes 322; Johnsonburg, routes 219-28-322; Kittanning and New Bethlehem, route 66; Oil

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 17

City, routes 62-157-66-322 and 257-322; Port Allegany, routes 59-6-68-322; Punxsutawney, routes 310-322; Ridgway, routes 219-28-322; Smethport, routes 6-68-322; St. Mary's, routes 120-219-28-322.

Motor buses operate over the Lakes-to-Sea-Highway from Cleveland via Franklin and Clarion and between Clarion, Brookville, and points to the East, Richey Bus Lines runs two buses a day to Pittsburgh and return by way of New Bethlehem, Kittanning, Freeport, Tarentum, New Kensington, and Aspinwall. The Harmony Short Line furnishes bus trans- portation to and from Pittsburgh by way of Emlenton, Bruin, Petrolia, Karns City and Butler. The Ritchey Bus Lines furnishes transportation from Kane to Clarion. Clarion is most easily reached from the east and west by the Lakes-to- the Sea Highway (No. 322); from the north by highways from Kane and from Ridgway, and from the south by high- ways from Butler, Kittanning and Punxsutawney.

CAMPUS AND BUILDINGS

The Campus of the State Teachers College at Clarion occupies twenty-three acres. The grounds have been laid out with care and furnish a beautiful setting for the eleven build- ings which comprise the college plant. The wide lawns with their beautiful shade trees and flowering shrubs give the College a restful, homelike appearance and provide attractive surroundings for study.

All of the buildings of the College are heated by steam, automatically controlled to keep rooms between 68 and 72 degrees, lighted by electricity and supplied with hot and cold water and all conveniences of modern living.

Seminary Hall is a large three-story brick building. Here are the administrative offices, postoffice, library, and classrooms.

Music Hall provides a studio, practice rooms, and in- struction rooms for the music department, Here also is lo- cated the Women Day Student's room. The school nurse has her office on the first floor. The president's home is on the second floor.

Founders Hall is a three-story structure providing rooms for laboratories, shops, business offices, and book store. In it are located the Physics, Chemistry, and Biology departments.

18 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

The Chapel is an attractive stone building with a seating capacity of five hundred. The stage has been provided with complete stage equipment for the use of dramatic organizations.

Becht Hall, the dormitory for young women, and one of the most up-to-date college buildings in the State, is of the modern Spanish type of architecture. On the upper floors are found accommodations for students; rooms are neatly furnished and supplied with hot and cold water. Bath- rooms with shower and plunge baths are found on each floor. Two very attractive hair dressing and pressing rooms have been installed, each equipped with tile floor and plate glass mirrors. A pleasant lounge, a dining hall, a conservatory, and two social rooms are located on the ground floor. There are two guest rooms off the first floor.

Egbert Hall is the up-to-date dormitory for young men, the rooms are supplied with hot and cold water. Bath- rooms are found on each floor. It is of colonial architecture, contains a spacious lounge, reception rooms, and an apart- ment for the dean of men.

A Modern Athletic Field has been constructed on the south side of the campus. It contains a football field, base- ball diamond, track, field for hockey and soccer and space for archery. On top of the hill is a large, new athletic field for intramural games. Leading from the top of the hill across the athletic field is a newly constructed toboggan slide and skiing runway. There are six tennis courts on top of the hill constructed of concrete and surfaced with asphalt.

Thaddeus Stevens Demonstration School contains accommodations for the first six grades of the public school and a large, well-equipped kindergarten. This school is used for practice teaching of college students.

The library in Thaddeus Stevens School contains an excellent collection of books for children as well as a museum in which are found many articles to be borrowed for class use.

The new A. J. Davis Education Building facing Green- ville Avenue was constructed in 1939. It is modern in design and well-equipped. In it are located the Art Department, Geography Department, French Department, Health De- partment, Psychology Department and other classrooms of the Education Department.

The Harvey Gymnasium is a beautiful new building, adequately provided with equipment of all kinds. It has a large basketball floor, a grandstand, shower rooms, recreation rooms, and offices.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 19

The Library is located on the first floor of Seminary Hall. In its reading room are found reference books, over 200 current magazines and outstanding newspapers. There are 24,000 volumes in the library and 800 to 1000 new vol- umes are added each year. A recreational reading room has been provided for fiction and for general reading.

The books have been carefully selected to supplement classroom instruction, and to provide general and recrea- tional reading for the student teacher. An elementary school library in the Thaddeus Stevens Training School also serves the teachers and student teachers. Individual needs of faculty and students for books not found in the college collection are supplied through inter-library loan whenever possible.

The college renders special service to rural teachers in permitting them to borrow two box libraries a year. (Each box contains forty books).

Speech Laboratory. New Laboratory equipment for use in the enlarged speech curriculum has been purchased and is installed. This equipment includes a Sound-Scriber voice recording machine of the professional type and a Western Electric 6 A Audiometer; also the multiple test Western Electric 4 A Audiometer.

Science Laboratories for biological and physical sci- ences are located on the second floor of Founders' Hall. Each is well-equipped with new, modern apparatus and other facilities for adequately teaching biology, nature study, zoology, botany, physics, and chemistry.

The Geography Laboratory is to be found on the second floor of Davis Hall. It is well provided with maps, charts, geological specimens, tables, motion picture films, and other appliances.

Health Service. The teachers of health and physical education of the College are charged with its activities in the field of health education and athletics. The Health Service at the College, attended by a registered nurse, provides dis- pensary care and limited infirmary service. The dispensary is well-equipped to handle emergency situations, and students who are ill enough to be confined to bed may be cared for in the infirmary. Every student is examined each year by the College Physician when he or she enters Clarion.

20 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

HOUSING FACILITIES

Resident students are housed in two modern and well- equipped dormitories: Egbert Hall, the new young men's dormitory, is complete with a beautifully furnished lounge in early American maple; Becht Hall, the women student's residency has a large spacious lounge. The individual student rooms are of double and single types and each room is con- veniently furnished with running water.

There are distinct advantages to dormitory life. The student enjoys the educational adventure of group living with his own contemporaries and the building of friend- ships with a wide group of individuals. In such an environ- ment, the student can acquire certain important social graces and poise from a number of social situations. At the same time more careful supervision of study and rest habits result in improved scholastic standing.

BECHT HALL FOR WOMEN

Reservations for rooms in the dormitory are made through the Dean of Women until June 1st and after that date at the office of the President of the College. At the time of reserva- tion a $10 deposit fee should accompany the application.

Becht Hall houses 160 women. The majority of rooms are for two students although single rooms may be secured. The College provides a bed, mattress, two blankets, a dresser, a study table, chairs, and rugs for each student. The student is expected to furnish sheets (54 inches by 99 or 63 by 99), pillow cases (36 by 45), towels, curtains, personal articles, and extra bedding. Lavatory facilities are found on each floor. The student infirmary is located on the second floor and the college nurse has daily office hours from 8 to 12 and 1 to 5. On the first floor is the college dining hall in which all resident students take their meals. More than 400 persons can be accommodated in the dining hall.

The Dean of Women is in charge of the dormitory and she along with the Becht Hall Student Council sets up the rules and regulations which govern group living. The regu- lations are subject to the approval of the President.

EGBERT HALL FOR MEN

The dormitory for young men is located between Music Hall and the Harvey Gymnasium. It is supervised by the Dean of Men. It has hot and cold running water in each

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 21

room. Each room is furnished with beds, mattresses, two blankets per person, dressers, study tables, lounge chairs, straight chairs and a cabinet. The furniture is new and of a mahogany type. Each student furnishes sheets for single beds, pillow cases, towels, extra bedding, curtains, lamps, and personal effects. There are lavatories, showers, and lounge for the convenience of students.

LIVING OUTSIDE DORMITORIES

Xon-resident women students commute or live at home in town. Women students are not permitted to take their board and room outside the dormitory except in the homes of relatives, or unless they are doing their own housekeeping under the supervision of a house mother, or unless they are working for their room and board. In any of these cases per- mission must first be obtained from the President and the Dean of Women. This arrangement must be made in advance with the administration and the student may only live in homes previously approved by the College. Any change in residence during the school year must have the approval of the proper authorities before the change is made.

COMMUTING STUDENT'S ROOMS

A large attractive room on the first floor of Music Hall is furnished for commuting women students. Comfortable wicker furniture, cots for relaxation, mirrors, book cases, tables for lunches and study, and lavatory facilities are ar- ranged for the convenience of the student who commutes by bus or automobile from nearby communities.

In the basement of the chapel is a comfortable living and lunch room for the men students who commute. This room is furnished with chromium and leather furniture. The room is supplied with lockers for the protection of student property.

THE SOCIAL PROGRAM

A wide variety of social activities are distributed through- out the year to give students practice in correct social con- vention and to give them opportunity to assist and manage their social affairs.

Among the major events of the year are: The Cook Forest Picnic, Homecoming Day, Christmas, Pan-Hellenic and interfraternity dances, and Alumni Week-end. During the year there arc receptions, teas, banquets, luncheons,

22 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

and special dinners. These activities usually center in the Lounge, Dining Hall, and Social Room of Becht Hall. Sorority and fraternity functions also contribute to the objectives of the social program.

The social functions are financed by the students and managed by the Social Committee, which consists of equal student and faculty representation. Persons who are not enrolled in the College are admitted to parties, dances, and other events only as guests of regular students or faculty members.

In addition to the above-mentioned functions, various clubs have outings and informal parties. Students dance in the gymnasium Saturday evenings until 10:30 o'clock.

COLLEGE ACTIVITIES NOT INCLUDED

IN THE CURRICULUMS

The college Assembly Programs are held each Thursday, at which time the president of the college conducts religious exercises. A committee of the faculty and students arranges the programs. Outstanding lecturers, musicians, and enter- tainers appear on our platform. Some of the programs during the year are presented by student organizations to give stu- dents experience in appearing before the public. The College Players present plays, and the A Cappella Choir concerts. Clubs that give programs are: Outdoor Club, Geography Club, Hostess Club, Art Club, International Relations Club, Camera Club, Association for Childhood Education, Library Science Department and History Department.

Attendance at Assembly is required. Students will re- ceive one (1) quality point for each semester of required regular attendance at assembly. The following policy of credits and penalties for absences will be followed:

Number of	Absences	Grade	Quality Points
1		A	1
2		B	1
3		C	0
4		D	-1
5		E	-1

A record is kept of students' attendance and placed with the students' credentials for graduation.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 23

The Newman Club. A co-educational organization which provides for the spiritual and cultural heritage of Catholic students.

The Student Christian Association holds weekly meetings on Wednesday evening. The students plan and conduct their own meetings. Each semester the association holds a reception for new students.

In The Sunday Schools, connected with the various churches in Clarion, classes have been formed especially for college students.

Students are urged to make a choice of one of the churches in the town for regular attendance and to be present at the services in the churches so selected at least once each Sunday.

A dean of women and a dean of men devote time to student interests and social life. The students are surrounded by influences to make life happy, cultured, and worthwhile. (A conscious effort is made to have as few rules and restrictions as are consistent with the welfare of a large group living to- gether).

This plan of student participation has been very satis- factory. The College does not welcome as students young men or women who will not cheerfully accept and willingly conform to regulations demanded by the best interests of all.

The Art Club is an extra curricular organization main- tained for the purpose of benefiting those students who are particularly interested in some phase of art activity and to contribute what it can to the art of the community and college. Its program varies from year to year but sponsoring moving pictures on art subjects and bringing exhibitions of artistic merit to the College have been among its activities. When the Club is so inclined a trip to Pittsburgh is taken to visit the Carnegie Galleries and other buildings of interest. The Club tries to aid other organizations in the College, through the making of posters, lettering of certificates, and assisting with dance decorations. The Art and Press Club banquet is a colorful event in which both Clubs join.

Athletics For Women. Provision is made for partici- pation of all women students in many forms of athletics. Speedball, hockey, soccer, volleyball, basketball, baseball, tennis, archery, golf, hiking, and other sports are available for students. Minor activities in handball, badminton, shuffle- board and ping pong are likewise conducted.

24 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Intramural competition for women is sponsored by the Women's Athletic Council which is an organization com- posed of women who have attained elegibility through a sport's point system. The intramural program furnishes an opportunity for those with officiating as well as playing abilities. Coaching advantages offered in this way have helped some girls with summer camp problems in the techniques of directing sports.

Development of desirable traits in sportsmanship, leader- ship and ability to work and play with others is promoted at all times. Personal skills and efforts toward their improve- ments by individuals are likewise encouraged through class and intramural participation. The purpose of the program is to make it functional in the life of the individual in school and after graduation.

Athletics For Men. In addition to the required courses in physical education, men may receive extra-curricular credit for participation in intercollegiate athletics and in intramural athletics. Clarion plays other colleges in football, basketball, baseball, tennis and sometimes maintains teams in track and wrestling. The men participate on intramural teams in touch football, basketball, baseball, soccer, volley- ball, badminton, table tennis, handball, and horseshoes. There are also available for exercise such facilities as skiing, toboganning, archery, shuffleboard, and hiking.

The College has six all-weather concrete tennis courts on the campus and a good athletic field that provides for intercollegiate football, baseball, track and field games, This is a four-acre tract located southwest of the main campus, conveniently near the gymnasium and easily accessible to the public who attend our intercollegiate events.

Through physical education courses, students are given the fundamental knowledge of various sports and taught how to coach these sports.

Varsity Club. The Varsity Club is made up of men of the College who have earned the "C" in some one of the intercollegiate sports.

Men's Athletic Council. The intercollegiate athletic program of the College is managed by the Athletic Council working in conjunction with the President. The Council consists of the Director of Physical Education and two other

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 25

faculty members appointed by the President of the College, one member from the Student Senate appointed by the Student Senate, and one student member elected by the Varsity Club.

Dramatics. The campus dramatic organization is known as the College Players. Opportunities for gaining experience in the various phases of play production are afforded througli the regularly scheduled club programs and through public productions. By means of discussion and demonstration, members gain a working knowledge of the principles of stage lighting, costuming, make-up, acting, and directing. Member- ship in the organization is determined by competitive try-outs open to all.

The Future Teachers of America Chapter is unique in that it is the only organization in Colleges that gives or has the possibilities of giving students the opportunity for active participation in local, state, and national educational associations.

Through the F. T. A. the student member establishes a professional citizenship he will wish to continue as long as he is a teacher. Student members receive each month the state and national educational publications.

F. T. A. projects and merit points are designed to give each member special training in leadership. Superintendents and placement bureaus report that membership in the F. T. A. and the number of merit points held are frequently the determ- ining factors in choosing between candidates for a teaching position.

Membership in F. T. A. should be esteemed an honor and an opportunity. The National Education Association believes that no greater honor can come to a student than to be recognized as a member of The Future Teachers of America.

The Geography Club offers students an opportunity to study phases of geography that are of greatest interest. Student members assume all responsibility of the club or- ganization and plan all programs for the interest of the group. Fvery member is given an opportunity to make some contri- bution to the success of the club. Planned field trips afford "Inervation of activities in the natural geographic setting.

Hostess Club. To provide an opportunity for women students who are interested in correct social usage and en- tertaining socially to learn about the subjects in which they

26 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

are especially interested, the Hostess Club was organized. The discussions at the meetings which are led by students or outside talent have centered about etiquette for dates, conduct at teas, introductions, flower arrangement, how to make friends, conversation, personal appearance, and such entertaining problems as correct silver, glassware, and china. Additional activities of the club have been taking social usage tests, putting on programs on correct form, planning and preparing a luncheon.

The International Relations Club, sponsored by Pi Gamma Mu, the national social science fraternity, has a definite objective: namely, to stimulate and intensify the interest of all students in the scientific and unbiased study of society and social problems. It is here that all social ques- tions may be discussed openly and freely.

Music Organizations. Musical organizations are A Cappella Choir, Band, Girls' Ensemble, and Men's Quartet. Students have an opportunity to continue their previous training in singing the best type of music available. The students in the A Cappella Choir make a number of trips to sing at high schools and churches each year.

Association For Childhood Education is a national organization whose purpose is to gather and disseminate knowledge of the movement for the education of young children, to promote the progressive type of education in kindergarten and primary grades, and to raise the standard of the professional training for teachers in this field. Teachers of kindergarten and primary grades, and administrators and students interested in the problems of early childhood education are eligible for membership.

Outdoor Club. Activities: Nature hikes, camping, marksmanship, swimming, boating, fishing, bicycle riding, athletic games, skating, toboganning, archery, horseshoe pitching, and lawn bowling.

The Camera Club is planned to give students formerly interested in photography an opportunity to continue their hobby and to furnish a new hobby for those students who have recently become interested in the study of photography.

Panhellenic Council. This is a group of two represent- atives from each of the five sororities on the campus. Each year this group sponsors a tea, a dinner, and a dance.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 27

Sororities. There are five sororities on the campus. The Delta Sigma Epilson and Sigma Sigma Sigma are national sororities. The local Sororities are Lambda Chi Delta, Sigma Delta Phi, and Theta Alpha Lambda.

Fraternities. There are three fraternities on the campus. They are the Alpha Phi Alpha, the Alpha Gamma Phi, and the Sigma Tau Gamma.

The Press Club has the publication of the college paper, "The Clarion Call," as its main objective. It aims also to give the prospective teachers training they will need later in directing school publications. In the programs presented at Press Club meetings, various types of newspaper articles are discussed, and illustrations of the best are read. The papers from other colleges are studied and through comparisons and constructive criticism the students attempt to improve the quality of their own College paper. A trip is made each year either to Pittsburgh or the local printing office to learn how a newspaper is published.

The "Sequelle", the college annual, is another pub- lication that aims to portray the student activities on the campus. It is published by a staff of representative seniors how have evidenced an interest in journalism. Special features of this book are the records and pictures of clubs, sports, and activities which contribute an important part of the student's social and intellectual training.

The Purpose of the Student Activities is self-devel- opment. The responsibility for their success rests on the shoulders of the students. The meeting of each club is one period in length for which provision is made on the regular daily schedule. Some clubs meet every week; others meet every other week. Students may participate in one of the activities which meet every week or in two of the activities which meet every other week. However, this regulation need not exclude participation in music or athletic activities if the student desires such activities. Students are required to participate in one extra-curricular activity during the year. Each student is also required to take part in an activity which gives physical exercise. Such activities are: physical education classes, intramurals, athletics, outdoor club and sportsmans club.

28 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

THE SUMMER SESSION

The Summer Session is maintained for the benefit of regular college students as well as for teachers in service. By taking advantage of the summer sessions, teachers can secure the professional training needed to meet the require- ments for standard certification. Advanced courses are offered in the summer session for the benefit of teachers who desire to secure credits toward a degree in education, or for perm- anent certification.

Because of its location and environment, Clarion makes a strong appeal to those who desire to combine work with recreation during the summer. The mountain location provides a pleasant summer climate.

The regular Summer Session of 1951 will open on June 25 and close on August 3. The pre-summer session will be three weeks from June 4 to June 22. The post-session ex- tends three weeks from August 6 to August 24.

ACCELERATED PROGRAM

Students who take three summer terms of twelve weeks each, finish the four-year course in three years.

NIGHT CLASSES

Thursday night classes are organized each semester for the convenience of the teachers of this area. Work done in these courses gives customary college credit and may be offered toward a degree. A teacher may take two courses of three semester hours each semester or a total of six credits.

FILM LIBRARY

By placing one 16 millimeter moving picture film in the college film library a high school or other organization can use one film every two weeks throughout the school year. Sound and silent films are now in circulation.

PLACEMENT SERVICE

The placement Service of the College co-operates with the Placement Service of the State Department of Public Instruction, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, thus offering ad- ditional facilities for the placement of students and graduates in positions.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 29

The Placement Service assists school officials to secure competent teachers, and aids teachers to secure suitable posi- tions in the field of service for which their field of training best fits them.

The estimate of the College concerning the scholarship and teaching skill, conduct and general demeanor of students is often sought by school officials.

The Placement Service is in charge of Mr. Richard C. Skinner. This is also a part of the work of the President of the College.

Students after graduation are urged to keep up their contacts with the College, in order that their Alma Mater may render further service, not only in helping them to se- cure better positions but to assist them to improve in their present positions.

STUDENT ACTIVITY FEE

A Student Activity Fee is determined, collected, and administered under the direction of the Board of Trustees by Clarion Students' Association, This fee, amounting to $15.00 each semester, will cover the cost of student activities in athletics, lectures, entertainments, student publications, and the like. The Student Activity Fee for the summer session is S2.00. Check for this amount must be drawn to the Clarion Students' Association, not to the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania.

REGULATIONS REGARDING CHARGES AT THE STATE TEACHERS COLLEGES

(All fees are subject to change)

At a meeting of the Board of Presidents of the fourteen State Teachers Colleges of Pennsylvania it was recommended that the charges of the tate Teachers Colleges of the Com- monwealth be uniform. This recommendation was subsequently- approved by the several Boards of Trustees and the Super- intendent of Public Instruction.

The regulations regarding the charges are as follows:

1. A Contingent Fee, amounting to ninety dollars for the regular year of thirty-six weeks or forty-five dollars for earh semester of eighteen weeks, shall be charged to cover registration and keeping of records of students,

30 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

library, students welfare, health service (other than extra nurse and quarantine), and laboratory facilities. Check for this amount must be drawn to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

The charge shall be $7.50 for each semester hour of off- campus instruction. The same regulation applies to students carrying seven or fewer semester hours on the campus during a semester.

The Contingent Fee for the summer session is $7.50 per semester hour. A minimum contingent fee of $22.50 is charged for the summer term.

2. For Board, furnished room, heat, light, and limited

laundry the charge shall be ninety dollars during each half semester. At the discretion of the president of the college, an additional thirty-six dollars may be charged each semester to a student occupying a double room alone, or twelve dollars for the summer session. No reduction shall be allowed for laundry done at home, nor for ab- sence of a few days from the college.

3. For damage, breakage, loss, or delayed return of college property the charge shall be equal to the extent of the the damage.

4. An additional charge of one dollar shall be made for each day beyond the three days in the regular college infirmary. This charge is not to cover special nursing and medical service.

There shall be a charge of two dollars a day to day- students admitted to the regular college infirmary un- der the regulations of the college, to cover board, and the nursing.

5. Students whose legal residence is out of the State of Pennsylvania shall be charged at the rate of $7.50 per semester hour. If such students are enrolled in a special curriculum, they shall pay the special fees in addition to the fee of $7.50 per semester hour.

6. There shall be a charge of $5.00 to a graduate from a four-year curriculum to cover the cost of executing his diploma.

7. A deposit of $10.00 shall be made by prospective dorm- itory students when they request advance room res- ervations. It will be deposited with the Revenue De-

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 31

partment to the credit of the student's Contingent Fee, unless three weeks prior to the opening of the term or semester the student has notified the college authorities of his inability to enter, in which case it will be repaid to him. If notice is not thus given, the deposit cannot be returned. Check for this amount must be drawn to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

8. No student shall be allowed to enroll, graduate, or re- ceive transcript of record against whom there are any previous charges.

9. According to the regulations of the Revenue Department, all charges shall be paid in advance.

10. One copy of a transcript of credits earned at the State Teachers College at Clarion will be issued free of charge. A charge of $1.00 is made for a second and each subsequent transcript. Persons desiring to have their credits trans- ferred to another institution should give the name and address of such institution.

11. Late Registration Fee. Effective September 1, 1939, each student registering after the date officially set for registration shall pay an additional fee of $1.00 per day until the student is in regular attendance in accordance with the State regulation, provided that the total amount of the Late Registration Fee shall not exceed $5.00, except when permission for late registration has been secured from the President because of illness or any other unavoidable causes. The same regulation shall apply to inter-semester payments. Registration is not complete until all fees are paid.

REGULATIONS REGARDING REPAYMENTS

Upon the recommendation of the Board of Presidents of the State Teachers Colleges of the Commonwealth, and approved by the Superintendent of Public Instruction and the Boards of Trustees of the State Teachers Colleges, the following regulations regarding repayment of funds were adopted:

1. Repayment of funds shall not be allowed for temporary or indefinite suspension or dismissal, nor for voluntary withdrawal from college except as provided for below.

32 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

2. There shall be no repayment for any part of the Student Activity Fee for any cause whatsoever.

3. Repayment of funds shall be allowed for personal illness, certified to by an attending physician, and for such other reasons as may be approved by the Board of Trustees. In such cases the repayment shall be the amount chargeable for that part of the semester which the stu- dent does not spend in college.

4. Refunds will not be made unless student quits school.

5. Students who start boarding in the dining room will not be permitted to drop out during the year unless they leave school.

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CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 3.5

SUMMARY OF FEES

(All fees are subject to change) Cost for Students Living at the College

First Semester

Amount due September 10:

Activity Fee $15.00

Contingent Fee 22.50

Room, Board and Laundry 90.00

Total due September 10 $127.50

Amount due November 12:

Contingent Fee 22.50

Room, Board and Laundry 90.00

Total due November 12 $112.50

Total— First Semester $240.00

Second Semester

Amount due January 22:

Activity Fee $15 . 00

Contingent Fee 22.50

Room, Board and Laundry 90.00

Total due January 22 $127.50

Amount due March 24:

Contingent Fee 22.50

Room, Board and Laundry 90.00

Total due March 24 $112.50

Total — Second Semester $240.00

TOTAL FOR YEAR $480.00

34 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Cost for Students Not Living at the College

First Semester Amount due September 10:

Activity Fee $15.00

Contingent Fee 22.50

Total due September 10 $37 . 50

Amount due November 12:

Contingent Fee 22 . 50

Total— First Semester $60 . 00

Second Semester Amount due January 22:

Contingent Fee 22 . 50

Activity Fee . 15 . 00

Total due January 22 $37.50

Amount due March 24:

Contingent Fee 22 . 50

Total — Second Semester $60 . 00

TOTAL FOR YEAR $120.00

A student's books for a year cost between $20 and $40, depending on the courses he takes.

SUMMER TERM COSTS

The Contingent Fee is $7.50 for each semester hour of credit. (A minimum contingent fee of $22.50 is charged for the summer term.)

Pre-session $30.00 for board, room and limited laundry.

Regular session.. . .$60.00 for board, room and limited laundry Post session $30.00 for board, room and limited laundry

There is an activity fee of $2.00 for the regular session.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 35

LIBRARY SCIENCE FEE

Students taking the library science course will pay a special fee of $18 per year during their junior and senior years (these are the years in which library science courses are offered), and $3 for the summer session.

Board and Room. The dining room for both men and women boarding students is located in Becht Hall. The kit- chen and bakery are provided with the most modern equip- ment and are kept in excellent condition. A competent corps of trained and experienced persons provide the best quality of food, well-cooked, properly seasoned, and served attractively.

Uniforms for Physical Education Class. The College requires a regulation uniform for all women taking physical education. These suits are purchased only at the College book store by arrangement with the physical education de- partment. Therefore, students may save themselves unneces- sary expense by waiting until they are informed about suits before buying them elsewhere, as other uniforms will not be acceptable.

Notice of Withdrawal. Students leaving college must notify the President of their withdrawal. Regular charges will be made until such notice is received.

Guests. Arrangements for room guests at Becht Hall and Egbert Hall must be approved by the Dean of Women or the Dean of Men, respectively. Guest rate, 50 cents per night.

Guest rates in the College dining room, payable to the dietitian are as follows: breakfast, 45 cents; luncheon, 55 cents; dinner, 75 cents.

Help for Worthy Students. The College desires to encourage self-supporting students, but it cannot promise sufficient work to any student to defray his full expenses. Students who are employed by the College are paid in cash for their services. Preference in employment is given on the basis of merit. At the present time we have some places for table waiters. We pay 40c per hour. Students wishing this workd should sign up for it at the time they send in their application blanks so as to be assured of a position when they arrive.

State Scholarships. Holders of the State Scholar- ship may attend Clarion. These scholarships are obtained by taking examinations under county superintendents each winter.

36 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Funds for Worthy Students. The Alumni Association is sponsoring a permanent fund to be known as the Clarion State Teachers College Student Loan Fund. It has empowered the Citizens Trust Company of Clarion, to place this fund on interest and to make loans out of it according to recom- mendations by a board of trustees, consisting of the Chair- man of the Board of Trustees, the President of the College, some other member of the faculty, and two alumni of the college The committee has passed the following regulations: No more than one hundred fifty dollars shall be loaned to any student during the four years. Interest shall be 4 per cent from the date of graduation or from the date the student leaves school. Students obtaining loans must have a property owner endorse their notes. To borrow from this fund a student must have a scholastic average of at least "C".

The Loan Fund of the Clarion County Chapter of the D. A. R. The Clarion County Chapter of the D. A. R. has etsablished a loan fund, to be loaned to deserving students and administered in the same way as the Alumni Loan Fund.

The Lorena Given Memorial. In memory of Lorena Given, former teacher at the College, a loan fund, amounting now to one hundred dollars, has been established, to be ad- ministered in the same way as the Alumni Loan Fund.

The J. George Becht Memorial Loan Fund. In mem- ory of J. George Becht, former principal of the college, a loan fund, now amounting to one hundred dollars, has been estab- lished, to be administered in the same way as the Alumni Loan Fund.

The 1913 Class Loan Fund. The class of 1913 established in 1928 a loan fund of $205.35, to be administered in the same way as the Alumni Loan Fund.

A. J. Davis Loan Fund. The A. J. Davis Loan Fund in the amount of $362.20 is to be administered in the same way as the Alumni Loan Fund.

H. W. Colegrove Scholarship Awards. A trust fund established at The First National Bank of Port Allegany by Mr. H. W. Colegrove provides for scholarships of $100 each per year to be awarded to students from McKean County.

The Frank L. Harvey Student Loan Fund in the amount of $1,000. The criteria to be used in making decisions as to the ones to borrow from this fund will be: (The real

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 37

need for such a loan, (2) the love of children and young people, (3) a modicum of brains, (4) an understanding heart, (5) a sense of responsibility.

H. W. COLEGROVE SCOLARSHIP LOAN FUND TRUST. The

will of Mr. Colegrove provides that The First National Bank of Port Allegany may make loans from his trust fund up to $200 in any one year, and not more than $500 to any one stu- dent, at the rate of 2% interest per annum while the borrower is attending school and 4% per annum after leaving school.

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION

In accordance with the principles governing admission adopted April 12, 1932, by the Board of Teachers College Presidents, five general requirements were set up for admission to teachers colleges:

1. General Scholarship.

2. Character and Personality.

3. Health and Physical Vigor.

4. English Fundamentals and Psychological Tests.

5. A Personal Interview.

Candidates for admission must satisfy these five general requirements in detail as outlined below.

1. General scholarship as evidenced by (graduation from an approved four-year high school) the completion of the work of the 10th, 11th, and 12th grades of an approved second- ary school or institution of equivalent grade, or equivalent (preparation) education as determined by the Credentials Division of the Department of Public Instruction, and ranking in the upper half of the class at graduation. Candidates for admission who lack this rank at graduation will be required to present further evidence of fitness.

a. Applicants ranking in the upper half of their graduation class in secondary (high) school will be admitted on certificate without further evidence of general scholarship.

b. Applicants who do not rank in the upper half of the graduating class may be admitted on probation, provided :

M) They are recommended by their (high school) secondary school principal as being able to do creditable college work, and

38 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

(2) Appraisal of the detailed (high school) sec- ondary school record indicates to admission authorities of the college that the candidates can do satisfactory college work. Whenever available candidates are urged to present to the admission authorities cumulative re- cords of (high school) secondary school work such as were used by the Carnegie Foundation in the Pennsylvania Study, and

(3) A rating satisfactory to the institution is made on a scholastic aptitude test adminis- tered at the college. Applicants satisfactorily meeting the requirements (1), (2), and (3) above will be admitted on probation. Such students may be required to withdraw from the college unless they meet the required standard of scholarship in at least (9) semester hours of work.

Students engaged in drinking, gambling or the willful destruction of property will be dismissed. Women living away from home are not permitted to keep automobiles at the college. Men are ad- vised not to.

Foreign languages, ancient or modern, are not required for entrance. Students may enter from the following departments of accredited high schools: Commercial, vocational, agricultural, col- lege preparatory, home economics, and general. The grades students have made ir high school are more important than the subjects they have selected.

2. Integrity and appropriate personality as shown

by an estimate by secondary school officials of the candidate's trustworthiness, initative, industry t social adaptability, personal appearance, and symp- athy.

a. The estimate of the secondary school official will

be recorded by a check margin in the appropriate column of a three-point rating scale as follows:

Low Middle High

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 39

Trustworthiness

Initiative

Industry

Social Adaptability

Personal Appearance

Sympathy

Emotional Stability

b. This will be included as part of the (high school)

secondary school record blank.

3. Health, physical vigor, emotional stability, absence

of physical defects that would interfere with the successful performance of the duties of a teacher and absence of pre- disposition towards ill health as determined by a medical examination.

a. All applicants for admission shall present a cer- tificate of examination signed by a physician legally qualified to practice in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Forms for the examination will be furnished by the college. This physical exam- ination will be checked by the examining physician at the college.

b. Applicants may be rejected for the following reasons:

(1) Incurable defects or diseases as of the heart, lungs, kidneys, digestive system, nervous system, including hysteria, epilepsy, nervous instability, skin, organs of the special senses, thyroid.

(2) Defective vision of marked degree.

(3) Permanently impaired hearing.

(4) Marked speech defects.

(5) Unsightly deformities.

Students with remedial defects may be accepted on condition that immediate treatment be under- taken for the removal of those defects. A com- plete medical examination is also made at the col-

40 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

lege for all students at the beginning of each year in accordance with a requirement of the Association of Colleges for Teacher Education.

4. Normal intelligence and satisfactory command of English as shown by ratings in standard tests. The tests to be used will be prescribed each year by the Board of Pres- idents and will be uniform for all State Teachers Colleges.

5. A Personal interview with particular attention to personality, speech habits, social presence, expressed interest of the applicant and a promise of professional development.

a. The personal interview is to serve two purposes:

(1) It is to give the examining committee of the college an opportunity to select from the applicants for admission those persons who give promise of becoming desirable teachers.

(2) It is to take an inventory of the personal characteristics of the applicants who are admitted, making this inventory available to instructors and officers concerned with personnel work in the college.

ADMISSION OF FRESHMEN IN SEPTEMBER, 1951

Applicants for admission to the freshman class in 1951, should read and observe carefully the following procedure:

1. Come or send to the General Office of the College for the forms necessary in making application for admission. There are three of these: (1) the application and personal record blank, (2) the report of the medical examination, and (3) the report from secondary school officials.

2. Bring or send the personal record to the College before the date of the examinations. Have the examining physi- cian send the medical examination record to the College. The secondary school record will be sent directly to the College by the principal or other official of the secondary school.

3. Have a personal interview with an official of the Col- lege. The General Office of the College is open between the hours of 8:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. every day ex- cept Saturday, when the hours are from 8:00 A.M. to 12:00 M. At the time of the interview, students who

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 41

expect to live in the dormitories should make arrange- ments for rooms with the Dean of Women or the Dean of Men.

Quarterly Reports. For the purpose of reporting the progress of students, each semester is divided into halves. At the end of the first nine weeks, each teacher submits to the Registrar a report for each student doing unsatisfactory work in his classes. These reports are sent to the students. At the end of the semester a permanent report is recorded for each student, a copy of which is sent to the student and parents or guardians.

GRADING SYSTEM

A indicates superior attainment.

B indicates attainment above the average.

C indicates average attainment.

D indicates attainment below average.

E indicates failure

Inc indicates incomplete work.

W indicates withdrawal from a course.

Inc (incomplete) is not used unless a student has been in attendance throughout a semester or session. It indicates that the work of a student is incomplete and that the final grade is being withheld until the student fulfills all of the requirements of the course. It is used only when conditions and circumstances warrant and when evidence is presented to justify its being given.

All incomplete grades must be removed by the end of the following semester or they become failure.

SCHOLARSHIP REQUIREMENTS

Students whose failures in any semester or year amount to six or more semester hours shall not take all the regular work of the following semester or year. It is recommended that such students attend summer session to make up de-

fn u-ncies.

Students shall not do student teaching unless they have passed in English I and English II, nor shall students whose recorded or reported failures amount to six or more semester

42 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

hours do such teaching. No student shall do student teaching unless he has a "C" average (This applies to all grades earned after June 1, 1948.)

Effective June 1, 1948 the quality point system will be used for all grades made after that date. Grades previous to that date will stand as they are.

Quality points will be assigned as follows: Grade A, 3 quality points per semester hours; B, 2 quality points per semester hour; C, 1 quality point per semester hour; D, no quality points, E, -1.

To qualify for graduation, student must have a "C" average. (This applies to all grades earned after June 1, 1948.)

ADVANCED STANDING

Students transferring from other institutions will not be accepted without official transcripts of credit and cer- tificates of honorable dismissal. If the college transcript does not contain the high school record a transcript from the high school is necessary. Such students are required to have an interview with an official of the college prior to the opening of the semester in which they wish to enter.

Credit will be given for acceptable courses pursued in accredited collegiate institutions in which the student has made grades of A, B, or C. Where the grades are marked on a per- centage basis, work graded five percent above the minimum passing grade will be accepted. Passing grades of "D" in other institutions will not be accepted.

Students may not obtain a certificate or degree with- out a minimum residence of one year (thirty semester hours) in this College.

Teachers in service may complete in extension courses not more than 25 per cent of the courses required for a degree.

Students who are not graduates of a four-year high school, first class, must have their credits evaluated by the State Department of Public Instruction, Harrisburg, Penn- sylvania. Students who need this type of evaluation should consult the Registrar of the College. This regulation applies to teachers in service.

All persons who were graduated from a State Normal School prior to September, 1920, and who have a four-year

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 43

secondary school education will be granted not more than 64 semester hours of credit toward a degree for their normal school work.

No credit for public or private teaching experience, previously credited as high school equivalent or as equivalent professional credit toward graduation from a two-year cur- riculum, shall be granted toward meeting the requirements for entrance to or graduation from the four-year curriculums.

STUDENT TEACHING CREDIT FOR TEACHERS IN SERVICE

Experienced teachers with three or more years of ex- perience in teaching, who become candidates for a degree and who hold certificates below the level of the Provisional College Certificate may, at the discretion of an approved institution, complete the unfulfilled student teaching require- ments for the degree in any of the following ways:

(a) Earn the number of hours required in actual student teaching, or

(b) Perform an assignment of work germane to teaching technique in connection with the regular teaching in a public school, carrying not less than one semester hour credit or more than six semester hours credit in a single semester under approved supervision. In such cases, the candidate must be regularly registered in the institution, and may not earn more than a total of six semester hours credit in a single semester for all courses pursued, or

(c) Courses germane to teaching technique may be pursued in individual cases which are approved by the proper authority of an approved institu- tion for not more than three semester hours.

EVALUATION OF CREDITS

Evaluation of the credits of students are considered valid only for the year in which distributions are made (year in which credits are earned). This situation exists because of changes in regulations governing the value of credits and in the requirements for certification and graduation fre- quently made by the State Department of Public Instruction, the State Council of Education, and the Board of Presidents of the State Teachers Colleges. Students are urged to keep themselves well informed about their distributions by oc- casional inquiry, other than at registration periods, at the General Office.

44 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

CERTIFICATION

The Provisional College Certificate is issued to applicants who complete any one of the approved four-year curriculums.

The Permanent College Certificate requires three years of successful teaching experience on the Provisional College Certificate in the public schools of the Commonwealth and the satisfactory completion of six semester hours of additional work of collegiate grade, completed subsequent to the issue of the baccalaureate degree. One-half of this additional work must be professional and the remainder related to the subjects or subject fields on the certificate.

Visual Education Requirement — Holders of temporary certificates of standard grade (normal school certificates, temporary standard certificates, and provisional college certif- icates) issued on and after September 1, 1935, shall have completed a course in visual aids and sensory techniques to qualify for permanent certification. One or more semester hours of credit in the course are satisfactory. This is in addition to meeting the experience requirements.

History Requirement— Subsequent to September 1, 1943, all permanent certificates issued by the Department of Public Instruction to teach in the public schools of the Commonwealth, shall, in addition to the present regulations, require a basic course in the history of the United States and of Pennsylvania. Subsequent to September 1, 1944, all certificates issued by the Department of Public Instruction to teach in the public schools of the Commonwealth, shall, in addition to the present regulations, require a basic course in the history of the United States and of Pennsylvania.

A college certificate for teaching in the elementary field may be validated for the teaching of secondary school subjects by the addition of twelve semester hours of professional work applicable to the secondary subjects, six of which must be student teaching. In addition credits as specified in the lists of majors in the secondary field must be presented for each field in which certification is desired.

A college certificate for the teaching of Secondary school subjects may be validated for the teaching of the elementary subjects on the completion of thirty semester hours of prepar- tion in elementary education, including six semester hours of

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 45

student teaching with pupils of an elementary grade level. The courses to be completed for this extension shall be chosen from the following list:

Teaching of Reading Health or Physical Ed. in the

. . . „. _ , Elementary School

Art in the Elementary School

Speech Correction Educational Measurements for

hlementarv leachers

Child Psychology Elementary School Methods

The Elementary School Curriculum

Teaching of Elementary Social Teaching of Geography Studies

Civic Education Teaching of English

Children's Literature and Story Teaching of Elementarv Science

Te,hng (Nature Study)

Teaching of Arithmetic r> • • i r r-i

& Principles of Elementary

Music in the Elementary School Education

Xo teacher will be certified who has not completed a professional course or courses in Health, Art, and Music.

CERTIFICATION REGULATIONS FOR TEACHERS OF I AERONAUTICS

1. AERONAUTICS EDUCATION

a. Where a teacher holds a valid certificate to teach mathematics, or science or physical science, such certificate shall be valid to teach aeronautics if, in the judgment of the local superintendent, the teacher has demonstrated competence to teach this subject.

b. Where a teacher is certified in secondary subjects other than mathematics or science, or physical science, and demonstrates to the local superintendent competence to teach aeronautics, such teacher may be certified for this subject on the basis of a state- ment of this fact by the local superintendent to the Superintendent of Public Instruction.

CURRICULA

Clarion offers the following curricula:

LA FOUR-YEAR CURRICULUM IN LIBRARY SCIENCE EDUCATION leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education.

46 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

II. A FOUR-YEAR CURRICULUM IN ELEMENT- ARY EDUCATION leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education.

1. Kindergarten-Primary

2. Intermediate

3. Rural

III. A FOUR-YEAR CURRICULUM IN SECOND- ARY EDUCATION designed to prepare for teaching in Junior and Senior high schools and leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education.

IV. A major field to prepare for the teaching of Aeron- autics in secondary schools has recently been added to the curriculum.

V. The first two years of all curriculums are similar to the first two years in most colleges and enables students expecting to transfer to do two years of college work at Clarion.

VI. Clarion offers the first year's work in pre-professional

training in certain fields by a co-operative arrange- ment with Pennsylvania State College. These cur- ricula are:

1. Lower Division Arts

2. Agriculture

3. Engineering

4. Chemistry and physics

Applications for admission to these curricula must be made to the Dean of Admissions at Pennsylvania State College.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA

47

The Teachers College curriculums are in the process of revision and changes can be expected from time to time.

FOUR YEAR ELEMENTARY CURRICULUM

(Sequence of courses subject to change for administrative

reasons)

Any variation from the following schedule must be ap- proved by the Dean.

FIRST SEMESTER

Semester

Clock Hours

Hours Credit

Communications 1 5 5

or English I (3-3) and Speech I (2-2)

Professional Orientation 3 3

Basic Biology 4 3

Health 2 2

World Geography 3 3

Total 17 16

SECOND SEMESTER

Communications II 5 5

or English II (3-3) and Speech II (2-2)

Introduction to Art 3 2

Introduction to Music 3 2

Basic Physical Science 4 3

Physical Education 1 2 1

Geography of the United States and Penna 3 3

Total 20 16

THIRD SEMESTER

World Culture I 5 5

or Literature I (2-2) and Social Studies I (3-3)

Music for the Elementary Grades 2 2

Physcal Education I J 2 1

Science for the Elementary Grades 3 3

Art for the Elementary Grades 2

Electives 3 3

Total 17 16

48

STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Semester

Clock Hours

Hours Credit FOURTH SEMESTER

World Culture II 5 5

or Literature II (2-2) and Social Studies II (3-3)

Audio-Visual Education 3 2

Teaching of Music in the Elementary Grades. . . 4 3

Teaching of Art in the Elementary Grades 4 3

Physical Education III 2 1

Electives 2 2

Total 20 16

FIFTH SEMESTER

History of the United States and Pennsylvania I 3

Language Arts in the Elementary Grades 9

or Teaching of Reading (3-3), Language (3-3),

Children's Literature (3-3)

General Psychology 3

Teaching of Health and Physical Education 3

Total 18

3

2

17

SIXTH SEMESTER

History of the United States and Pennsylvania 113 3

Child Development 3 3

Social Living in the Elementary Grades 9 9

(Teaching of Arithmetic 3-3, Elementary Science 3-3, Social Studies and Geography 3-3) Educational Psychology and

Evaluative Techniques 3 3

Total 18 18

SEVENTH SEMESTER

American Citizenship 6 6

Option 1 — Home and Family Living (3-3)

and American Government (3-3) Option 2 — Introduction to Philosophy (3-3) and American Government (3-3) Electives 9 9

Total 15 15

ROOM IN BECHT HALL

ARCHERY

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA

49

Semester Clock Hours Hours Credit

EIGHTH SEMESTER

Student Teaching and Direction of Student Activities

Professional Practicum including School Law.

30

2

Total 32

12

2

14

A student may be given the privilege of taking an ex- amination in any subject matter area for the purpose of securing exemption from taking a course. A student may be given credit for a course in which he registers and in which he demonstrates competence by a qualifying examination.

Specialization and Electives

Provisional College Certificates issued on the basis of the four year elementary curriculum are valid for Kinder- garten and Grades I to VI inclusive, and for grades VII and VIII if not in a regularly organized and approved junior high school or in junior-senior high school.

Students may specialize in Early Childhood, in Inter- mediate grade, or in Upper grade teaching by selecting ap- propriate electives.

Required

Courses listed in the elementary curriculum outline.

Electives:

Semester Clock Hours Hours Credit

Child Adjustment 3 3

Child Development 3 3

Child Psychology 3 3

Creative Activities in the Elementary School. . 3 3

Diagnostic and Remedial Reading 3 3

Pre-School Education 3 3

School and Community 3 3

Speech Problems 3 3

Teaching the Exceptional Child 3 3

Students may also elect courses in academic fields and special curriculums offered at the college.

50

STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

The teachers college curriculums are in the process of revision and changes can be expected from time to time.

FOUR YEAR SECONDARY CURRICULUM

(Sequence of courses subject to change for administrative

reasons) Any variation from the following schedule must be approved by the Dean.

Semester

Clock Hours

Hours Credit

FIRST SEMESTER

Communications 1 5 5

or English I (3-3) and Speech I (2-2)

Basic Biology 4 3

Health 2 2

World Geography 3 3

Electives 2 2

Total 16 15

SECOND SEMESTER

Communications II 5 5

or English II (3-3) and Speech II (2-2)

Basic Physical Science 4 3

Physical Education 1 2 1

Professional Orientation 3 3

Fundamentals of Mathematics 3 3

Electives 2 2

Total 19 17

THIRD SEMESTER

World Culture I . 5 5

or Literature I (2-2) and Social Studies I (3-3)

Introduction to Art 3 2

Physical Education II 2 1

Science in Modern Civilization 3 3

Electives 6 6

Total 19 17

FOURTH SEMESTER

World Culture II 5 5

or Literature II (2-2) and Social Studies II (3-3)

Introduction to Music 3 2

Physical Education III 2 1

Electives 9 9

Total 19 17

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 51

Semester Clock Hours Hours Credit

FIFTH SEMESTER

History of the United States and Pennsylvania 13 3

Audio-Visual Education 3 2

General Psychology 3 3

Electives 8 8

Total 17 16

SIXTH SEMESTER

History of the United States and Pennsylvania 113 3 Problems of Secondary Education,

including Guidance 3 3

Educational Psychology and Evaluative

Techniques 3 3

Electives 7 7

Total 16 16

SEVENTH SEMESTER

American Citizenship 6 6

Option 1 — Home and Family Living (3-3) and American Government (3-3)

Option 2 — Introduction to Philosophy [3-3) and American Government (3-3) Electives 10 10

Total 16 16

EIGHTH SEMESTER

Student Teaching and Direction of

Student Activities 30 12

Professional Practicum, including School Law. . . 2

Total 32 14

52 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Graduation requirements for this curriculum include specialization in not less than two teaching fields except in the general field of science where no second field is required.

1. First field

The minimum number of semester hours required for a first field of specialization is:

General field of Science 38

English 35

Social Studies 30

Social Science 30

History 30

Biological Science 30

Physical Science 30

Chemistry 30

Physics 30

Aeronautics 24

Geography 24

Mathematics 24

General Speech 24

French 24

Latin 24

Spanish 24

2. The second field shall require not fewer semester hours than the minimum required for certification.

A student may be given the privilege of taking an ex- amination in any subject matter area for the purpose of se- curing exemption from taking a course.

A student may be given credit for a course in which he registers and in which he demonstrates competence by a qualifying examination.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA

53

The teachers college curriculums are in the process of revision and changes can be expected from time to time.

FOUR YEAR LIBRARY CURRICULUM

(Sequence of courses subject to change for administrative

reasons)

Any variation from the following schedule must be approved by the Dean.

FIRST SEMESTER

Clock Semester

Hours Hours Credit

Communications 1 5 5

or English I (3-3) and Speech I (2-2)

Basic Biology 4 3

Health 2 2

World Geography 3 3

Electives 2 2

Total 16 15

SECOND SEMESTER

Communications II 5 5

or English II (3-3) and Speech II (2-2)

Basic Physical Science 4 3

Physical Education 1 2 1

Professional Orientation 3 3

Fundamentals of Mathematics 3 3

Electives 2 2

Total 19 17

THIRD SEMESTER

World Culture I 5 5

or Literature I (2-2) and Social Studies I (3-3)

Introduction to Art 3 2

Physical Education II 2 1

Administration of School Libraries I 4 2

Electives 6 6

Total 20 16

54 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

FOURTH SEMESTER

Semester Clock Hours Hours Credit

World Culture II 5 5

or Literature II (2-2)

and Social Studies II (3-3)

Introduction to Music 3 2

Physical Education III 2 1

Book Selection 1 3 3

Science in Modern Civilization 3 3

Electives 3 3

Total 19 17

FIFTH SEMESTER

History of the United States and Pennsylvania 13 3

Audio Visual Education 3 2

General Psychology 3 3

Administration of School Libraries II 5 3

Reference Service 1 2 2

Cataloging and Classification II 3 2

Elective 1 1

Total 20 16

SIXTH SEMESTER

History of the United States and Pennsylvania 113 3 Problems of Secondary Education including

Guidance 3 3

Educational Psychology and Evaluative

Techniques 3 3

Reference Service II 2 2

Book Selection II 3 3

Cataloging and Classification II 2 2

Total 16 16

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 55

Semester Clock Hours Hours Credit

SEVENTH SEMESTER

Student Teaching and Direction of of

Student Activities 15 6

Professional Practicum including

School Law 2 2

Enrichment Materials 1 3 3

Books and Libraries as a Social Force 3 3

Electives 2 2

Total 25 16

EIGHTH SEMESTER

American Citizenship 6 6

Option 1 — Home and Family Living (3-3) and American Government (3-3)

Option 2 — Introduction to Philosophy (3-3) and American Government (3-3)

Administration of School Libraries III 5 3

Enrichment Materials II 2 2

Electives 4 4

Total 17 15

56 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION

Aeronautics (First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S. H.)

Hours Required: Clock S.H.

Aviation Mathematics 3 3

Aircraft Communications and Regulations. ... 3 3

General Service and Structure of Aircraft 6 3

Aerial Navigation 3 3

Meteorology 3 3

Aerodynamics and Theory of Flight 3 3

Electives:

Aircraft Engines 12 6

Identification of Aircraft 3 3

Climatology 3 3

Commercial Air Transportation 3 3

Flight Experience Variable Credit. ... 1 3-6

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

(First field 30 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)

Students demonstrating competence to specialize in Biological Science will not be required to take Basic Biology.

Hours

Required: Clock S.H.

Botany 1 6 4

Botany II 6 4

Zoology 1 6 4

Zoology II 6 4

Teaching Science in the Secondary School .... 3 3

Electives: (At least one course to be selected from each group below)

Group 1. Field Courses

Field Botany 5 3

Ornithology 5 3

Entomology 5 3

Ecology 5 3

Field Zoology 5 3

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 57

Hours

Clock S.H. Group 2. Laboratory Courses

Vertebrate Anatomy 5 3

Physiology 5 3

Microbiology 5 3

Parasitology 5 3

Genetics 5 3

CHEMISTRY

(First field 30 S.H. ; Second field 18 S.H.)

Students demonstrating competence to specialize in Chem- istry will not be required to take Basic Physical Science.

Required :

Physics 1 6 4

Physics II 6 4

Inorganic Chemistry 1 6 4

Inorganic Chemistry II 6 4

Qualitative Analysis 7 3

Quantitative Analysis 7 3

Teaching of Science in Secondary School 3 3

Electives:

Organic Chemistry 1 6 4

Organic Chemistry II 5 3

Biological Chemistry 6 3

Physical Chemistry 5 3

Collodial Chemistry 6 3

Industrial Chemistry 5 3

Chemistry of Foods and Nutrition 6 3

Water Analysis 4 2

GENERAL FIELD OF SCIENCE

(First field 38 S.H.; no Second field)

Students demonstrating competency to specialize in General Science will not be required to take Basic Biology or Basic Physical Science.

58 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Required :

Botany 1 6 4

Botany II 6 4

Zoology 1 6 4

Zoology II 6 4

Chemistry 1 6 4

Chemistry II 6 4

Earth Science 3 3

Physics 1 6 4

Physics II 6 4

Teaching of Science in Secondary School 3 3

PHYSICAL SCIENCE

(First field 30 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.) Students demonstrating competence to specialize in physical science will not be required to take Basic Physical Science.

Hours

Required: Clock S.H.

Chemistry 1 6 4

Chemistry II 6 4

Physics 1 6 4

Physics II 6 4

Teaching of Science in the Secondary School . . 3 3

Electives:

To be selected from Chemistry, Earth Science or Physics.

PHYSICS

(First field 30 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.) Students demonstrating competence to specialize in Physics will not be required to take Basic Physical Science.

Required :

Physics 1 6 4

Physics II 6 4

Teaching of Science in Secondary School 3 3

Inorganic Chemistry 1 6 4

Inorganic Chemistry II 6 4

Electives:

Magnetism and Electricity 6 4

Mechanics 6 4

Heat.... 6 4

Electronics 5 3

Optics 5 3

Sound 5 3

Physical Measurements Variable

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 59

ENGLISH

(First field 35 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)

Hours Required: Clock S.H.

Communications 1 5 5

or English I (3-3) and Speech I (2-2)

Communication II 5 5

or English II (3-3) and Speech II (2-2) World Culture I (5-5)*

or General Literature 1 2 2

and Social Studies I (3-3) World Culture II (5-5)*

or General Literature II 2 2

and Social Studies II (3-3) Recent Trends in Teaching English 3 3

Restricted Electives:

At least one course should be selected in each of Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4. Group 4 is intended for students especially interested in writing.

Group 1. Survey courses:

American Literature 3 3

English Literature 3 3

American Poetry 3 3

American Prose 3 3

Children's Literature and

Story Telling 3 3

Group 2. Period courses:

Pre-Shakespearean Literature 3 3

Shakespeare 3 3

Eighteenth Century Literature 3 3

The Romantic Movement 3 3

Victorian Literature 3 3

Group 3. Literary form courses:

Criticism 3 3

Modern Drama 3 3

The Novel to 1870 3 3

Contemporary Novel 3 3

Essay 3 3

Contemporary Poetry 3 3

Short Story 3 3

Literature or Biography 3 3

60 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Group 4. Composition

Creative Writing 3 3

Journalism 3 3

Advanced Composition 3 3

English Philology and Grammar 3 3

* World Culture I and II are composite courses. Each course will carry 2 S. Hrs. toward certification in English.

FOREIGN LANGUAGES FRENCH

(First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)

Hours Clock S.H. Required :

French 1 3 3

French II 3 3

French III 3 3

French IV 3 3

Electives:

French V — Survey of Literature 3 3

French VI— Survey of Literature 3 3

French VII — Advanced Language and

Techniques 3 3

French VIII — French Classical Drama 3 3

French IX — French Literature of the

19th Century 3 3

French X — Development of the French Novel 3 3

LATIN

(First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.) Required :

Latin I — Ovid and Virgil 3 3

Latin II — Livy 3 3

Latin III — Cicero and Tacitus — Selections. ... 3 3

Latin IV — Horace 3 3

Latin V — Plautus and Terrence 3 3

Latin VI — Roman Civilization 3 3

Note: To specialize in Latin, students must present not less than two years of secondary school Latin and demonstrate competence in this field.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 61

SPANISH

(First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)

Required :

Elementary Spanish I and II 6 6

Intermediate Spanish I and II 6 6

Introduction to Spanish Literature 3 3

Spanish Conversation 3 3

Electives:

Advanced Spanish Conversation 3 3

Commercial Spanish 4 4

Spanish-American Literature 6 6

Contemporary Spanish Drama 6 6

GEOGRAPHY

(First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)

Hours Clock S.H.

Required :

World Geography 3 3

Teaching of Geography in Secondary Schools. . 3 3

Restricted Electives:

At least two courses must be chosen from each group.

Group 1. Earth Studies

Climatology 3 3

Geology 3 3

Meteorology 3 3

Physiography 3 3

Cartography 3 3

Group 2. Economics

Economic Geography 3 3

Commercial Air Transportation 3 3

Conservation of Natural Resources. . . 3 3

Geographic Influences in

American History 3 3

Trade and Transportation 3 3

Group 3. Regional Studies

Geography of the United States

and Pennsylvania 3 3

Geography of Pennsylvania 3 3

Geography of Asia 3 3

62 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Geography of Africa and Australia . . 3 3

Geography of Europe 3 3

Geography of the Far East 3 3

Geography of Latin America 3 3

Geography of the United States

and Canada 3 3

World Problems in Geography 3 3

Field Courses (as approved) 3 3

MATHEMATICS

(First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)

Hours Clock S.H.

Required :

College Algebra 3 3

Trigonometry 3 3

Analytic Geometry 3 3

Calculus I (Differential) 3 3

Calculus II (Integral) 3 3

Teaching of Mathematics in Secondary School 3 3

Electives:

Advanced College Algebra 3 3

Synthetic Geometry 3 3

Spherical Trigonometry and Navigation 3 3

Statistics 3 3

History of Mathematics 3 3

College Geometry 3 3

Field Work in Mathematics 3 3

Calculus III 3 3

Mathematics of Finance 3 3

SAFE DRIVING AND GENERAL SAFETY EDUCATION

At a meeting of the State Council of Education, January 9, 1948, the following regulations were passed for the certi- fication of teachers in the field of Education for Safe Living (Highway Safety and General Safety Education) :

Effective in 1951, twelve semester hours will be required for the extension of a teacher's certificate to cover this field.

Courses offered will be selected from the following or equivalent approved courses:

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 63

Hours Clock S.H. Driver Education and Traffic Safety in

Secondary Schools 3 3

General Safety Education 3 3

Organization and Administration in

Safety Education 3 3

Materials and Methods of teaching Safety

in the Secondary Schools 3 3

Materials and Methods of Teaching Safety

in the Elementary Schools 3 3

The Psychology of Accident Prevention 3 3

Visual and other aids in Safetv Education 3 3

SOCIAL STUDIES

(First field 30 S.H.; 15 in History, 15 in Social Science)

Hours Clock S.H. Required :

*World Culture I (5-5)

Social Studies I 3 3

and Literature I (2-2) ♦World Culture II (5-5)

Social Studies II 3 3

and Literature II (2-2) History of the United States and Penna. I. . . . 3 3

History of the United States and Penna. II . . . 3 3

American Citizenship 6 6

American Government (3-3)

and Home and Family Living (3-3) or

American Government (3-3)

and Introduction to Philosophy (3-3)

Principles of Sociology 3 3

Principles of Economics 3 3

Klectives:

History of Europe to 1815 3 3

History of Europe since 1815 3 3

History of Pennsylvania 3 3

History of England 3 3

20th Century World 3 3

Diplomatic History of the United States 3 3

International Relations 1919 to present 3 3

64 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

History of Latin America 3 3

Renaissance to Reformation 3 3

History of the Middle East and India 3 3

History of the Far East 3 3

Contemporary Social Problems 3 3

Contemporary Economic Problems 3 3

Consumer Education 3 3

Municipal Government 3 3

Comparative Government 3 3

Industrial Relations 3 3

*World Culture I and II are composite courses. Credit in each is 3 S.H. for certification in Social Studies.

HISTORY

(First field 30 S.H. ; Second field 18 S.H.)

Hours Clock S.H. Required :

*World Culture I (5-5)

Social Studies 1 3 3

and Literature I (2-2) *World Culture II (5-5)

Social Studies II 3 3

and Literature II (2-2) History of the United States and Penna. I . . . . 3 3

History of the United States and Penna. II. . . 3 3

fAmerican Citizenship 6 6

American Government (3-3)

and Home and Family Living (3-3) or

American Government (3-3)

and Introduction to Philosophy (3-3)

Electives:

History of Europe to 1815 3 3

History of Europe since 1815 3 3

History of Pennsylvania 3 3

History of England 3 3

20th Century World 3 3

Diplomatic History of the United States 3 3

International Relations 1919 to present 3 3

History of Latin America 3 3

Renaissance to Reformation 3 3

BASKETBALL

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SHUFFLEBOARD

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 65

History of the Middle East and India 3 3

History of the Far East 3 3

Principles of Sociology 3 3

Principles of Economics 3 3

*\Yorld Culture I and II are composite courses. Each course will count 3 S.H. toward certification in History.

fAmerican Citizenship will not count toward second field.

SOCIAL SCIENCE

(First field 30 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.

Hours Clock S.H. Required :

♦World Culture I (5-5)

Social Studies I 3 3

and Literature I (2-2) *World Culture II (5-5)

Social Studies II 3 3

and Literature II (2-2) History of the United States and Penna. I. . . . 3 3

History of the United States and Penna. II.. . 3 3

fAmerican Citizenship 6 6

American Government (3-3)

and Home and Family Living (3-3) or

American Government (3-3)

and Introduction to Philosophy (3-3)

Principles of Sociology 3 3

Principles of Economics 3 3

Electives:

Contemporary Social Problems 3 3

Contemporary Economic Problems 3 3

Consumer Education 3 3

Municipal Government 3 3

Comparative Government 3 3

Industrial Relations 3 3

*World Culture I and II are composite courses. Credit in each is 3 S.H. for certification in Social Science.

fAmerican Citizenship will not count toward second field.

66 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

GENERAL SPEECH

(First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)

Hours Clock S.H. R quired:

Communications I (5-5) English Composition I (3-3) and Speech 1 2 2

"•"Communications II (5-5) English Composition II (3-3) and Speech II 2 2

Phonetics and Voice 3 3

Oral Interpretation 3 3

Play Production 3 3

Speech Programs in Secondary Schools 2 2

Electives:

Stagecraft, Scenic Design and Lighting 3 3

Debate, group discussion and parlimentary

procedure 3 3

Radio 1 3 3

Radio II 3 3

Creative Dramatics and Story Telling 3 3

Costume and Make-up 3 3

Choral Speaking 3 3

Community Dramactics and Pageants 3 3

Speech Development and Improvement 3 3

Communications I and II are composite courses. Each course will carry 2 S.H. credit toward specialization.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 67

AERONAUTICS

Aviation Mathematics—Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course includes the principles of college algebra and trigonometry which are necessary for an understanding of aerodynamics, aerial navigation, physics and meteorology.

Aircraft Communications and Regulations—Three hours per week

Three semester hours

Radio code and civil air regulations. A goal of reception at the rate of twenty words a minute is set. In civil air regulations a proficiency com- parable to an instructor's rating can be obtained.

General Service and Structure of Aircraft Including Gliders and Model Airplanes— Six hours per week Three semester hours

This course includes inspection and care of fuselages, engine mounts, wings, flight control surfaces, flight control mechanism, landing gear, tires, wheels, brakes, etc., all of which is necessary to safety in flight and long life of the airplane.

The laboratory work will consist of work on airplanes and construction of models for the sake of imbuing the student with the idea of rigid inspection.

Aerial Navigation- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

Of the four phases of navigation, stress is placed on pilotage and dead reckoning, whereas radio navigation and celestial navigation are introduced in their broader aspects. In pilotage chart reading and safety procedures are stressed. Dead reckoning is carried through the alternate airport problem.

Meteorology- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

A science of the atmosphere — a study of the phenomena of weather; air masses, cyclones, fronts. Emphasis is placed upon relationships of weather to aviation and weather hazards to flying such as winds, storms, icing, and fog.

Aeordynamics and Theory of Flight- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course deals with the mathematics of lift and drag of flight sur- faces and includes explanations of Bernoulli's principle of its application to flight. Such subjects as variation of power with altitude, weight and vying area, the application of lift and drag co-efficients to problems of speed, climb and lift are included in this course.

Aircraft Engines— Types, Operation and Servicing-- Twelve hours per week Six semester hours

The theory of various types of internal combustion engines followed by the mechanical applications of these principles as seen in airplane engines will be the basis of the classwork.

The laboratory work will consist of tearing down and rebuilding an airplane engine, trouble shooting and general servicing of the engine.

STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Identification of Aircraft- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

The history of the airplane is studied briefly and the major portion of the time will be spent in studying the different types of commercial and private aircraft, their relative merits and identification. Identification will include a knowledge of the external features of recognition of the various craft as well as a knowledge of the power, and capabilities of the same.

Climatology--Three hours per week Three semester hours

A study of climates of the world and their relation to aviation. Emphasis is placed upon the hazards to aviation in various regions of the earth; such as fog, tropical cyclones, and prevailing winds. Long distant flights over polar areas and in the stratosphere are considered.

Commercial Air Transporation— Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course includes the regulations for commercial air transporation.

ART

Introduction to Art- -Three hours per week Two semester hours

A course dealing with art as a vital part of contemporary living. Art of other ages will be given some consideration as a basis for interpreting the present. Students will be encourged to experiment with material in order to understand the creative process. Through a variety of experiences an attempt will be made to help students develop an awareness of and a sens- itiveness to all forms of art.

Art for the Elementary Grades- -Two hours per week

Two semester hours This course provides opportunity for the student to develop his powers of self-expression; to have experiences in the use of the fundamental elements and pringiples of art structure as they relate to two-dimensional expression, e. g. in the use of chalk, crayon, paint, etc.; to discover the relationship between his creative experiences and the art program for the elementary school; to provide the basis for an understanding and evaluation of children's work. Required for the Elementary Curriculum.

Teaching Art in the Elementary Grades—Four hours per week

Three semester hours This course is a continuation of Art I. It provides art experiences in- volving the use of a variety of manipulative materials and activities con- cerned with structural and decorative design. Included are the designing and creation of objects using materials such as clay, paper, cardboard, wood, etc., into functional attractive articles. Here, also, emphasis is put on under- standing the art program of the elementary school. Required for the El- ementary Curriculum.

Creative Art- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

The aim of this elective course is to develop expression in drawing, painting, or other art activity. The activities are arranged with regard to the individual interests of the student. No prerequisite. This course is open to all curricula.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 69

EDUCATION

Child Development—Three hours per week • Three semester hours

This course aims to develop an understanding and appreciation of the maturity patterns of the physical, mental, social, and emotional growth in the period of early childhood.

Consideration will be given to local, state, and national agencies con- cerned with the welfare and education of early childhood.

Opportunities will be provided for experiences in learning situations in the family, school, and community environments.

Language Arts in the Elementary School—Nine hours per week

Nine semester hours

An integrated course designed to prepare teachers to develop the child's abilities in oral and written communication.

This course should provide knowledge of the nature of reading processes, materials of instruction and procedures in teaching the child to read.

Essential techniques and materials of language including handwriting and spelling should be used so that the student may be able to teach the child to acquire knowledge and skills in the fundamentals of oral and written communication. The student should become familiar with purposeful experi- ences, such as, creative speaking and writing, choral speaking, group planning and discussion. Radio programs and children's dramatics in audience situ- ations, are desireable. Observation and participation are essential to the effectiveness of this course.

Children's Literature for the elementary school will be explored with a view to acquainting the prospective teacher with appropriate materials.

Practice will be given in the selection, appreciation, and interpretation of the subject matter content in terms of children's interests. Audience sit- uations in the Laboratory School should provide an apportunity for practice in story telling.

Social Living in the Elementary School— Nine hours per week

Nine semester hours A unified course, beginning with an analysis of democratic society and a short review of the nature of the child to determine teaching aims and objectives. Content will be drawn from the fields of mathematics, science, geography, economics, sociology, and history. Emphasis will be put upon the child's developmental needs for basic concepts and skills in each of those areas and upon place, function, and special contribution of each area in the child's unified learning. Ways of developing meaningful experiences in each area and ways of organizing content into social living units will be stressed. Basic activities will include full use of sensory materials and activities, com- mittee work, afrid scientific problem solving.

Diagnostic and Remedial Reading— Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course is designed to help students prevent, diagnose, and correct reading difficulties. Students give standardized and informal tests. They learn to identify difficulties at various stages of child growth. They plan and carry through a program based on child needs. Students learn to select appropriate material and teaching procedures for the correction of individual reading difficulties. They use the equipment of a modern reading clinic. Emphasis is placed upon the use of preventative and remedial techniques in everyday classroom teaching. This is conducted as a laboratory course. Prerequisite: Teaching of Reading.

70 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Speech Problems in the Elementary School- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

A course designed to acquaint students with the various types of speech problems common to children in the elementary school. Emphasis is placed upon speech rehabilitation. They study the materials, methods, and tech- niques which the classroom teacher uses in improving the speech of all children as well as giving special attention to the problem of the atypical. They practice with children in the classroom.

Teaching the Exceptional Child --Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course deals with the study of children who need help in order to adjust and succeed to the extent of their capacity. Students are guided in recognizing, understanding, and dealing with the additional needs of: the superior child, the mentally, physically, or emotionally handicapped child. Emphasis is placed upon the selection, construction and adaptation of learning aids and materials.

School and Community- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

A course emphasizing group dynamics and leadership techniques which orient the teacher to her role as a community member. Techniques of sur- veying community resources, needs, problems, and school-community inter- relationships are studied. Field trips and group activities are a required part of the course.

Creative Activities in the Elementary School- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

A course designed to help students work with children in the creative arts. Emphasis is placed upon the child's needs to discover creative interests and upon the development of skills and refinements of taste needed for rich experience in art, music and literature. It attempts to make music, rhythmics, art, crafts, dramatics, and games enrich the entire life of the child. The course should give experience in several of the areas listed in the outline, depending upon student interests and needs.

Professional Orientation—Three hours per week Three semester hours

An orientation and guidance course designed to acquaint prospective teachers with the opportunities and requirements of their profession, the relationship of the school to society, the organization and administration of the American school system, the pupil and the educational process. Extensive directed observation of various schools and learning situations will be re- quired.

Problems of Secondary Education, Including Guidance- Three hours per week Three semester hours

The basic course in Secondary Education designed to aid the student in dealing with practical problems of secondary teaching. Major problems considered are: 1. School organization, 2. Administration, 3. The curriculum, 4. Extra curricular activities, 5. Home room practices.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 71

Audio-Visual Education—Three hours per week Two semester hours

A consideration of the need for sensory techniques and materials in the learning process with attention given to the psychological principles involved. The student will have the opportunity to become acquainted and skilled in specific techniques, materials, and equipment within his teaching field. Activities will include actual production of material for classroom use and participation in their use.

Professional Practicum--Two hours per week Two semester hours

A seminar type or practicum course offered during the senior year, preferably during the student teaching semester. The historical, philosophical, and legal background of education will be covered with the subject matter integrated. Attention will be given to the history and philosophy of education, professional organization and activities, the legal obligation of teachers and to the problems encountered by the students in their student teaching ex- periences. Consideration will also be given to the problems of placement and professional growth and development.

General Safety Education—Three hours per week Three semester hours

Designed to aid teachers in the development of habits and attitudes that will make for safe living by both teachers and students. It deals with:

1. Rules, regulations, and laws concerning the operation of motor vehicles;

2. Rules and regulations of pedestrian travel; 3. Other hazards to which we are commonly subjected such as fire, electricity, etc.

Introduction to Philosophy—Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course is essentially an introduction to philosophy with major emphasis upon current and pertinent problems both personal and social. It will be concerned with a historical survey of the contributions of the out- standing philosophies both ancient and modern but always with a concern as to their contributions to the solution of the major issues of modern living. It will attempt to help the individual find his place in the universe, to as- certain his purpose in living and give him help in the solution of the vital moral problems which he faces.

Home and Family Living- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course is a study of family relationships; program for home and school operation; the literature available for parents of children of the various age units such as infants, later pre-school life, six year olds, seven to nine years, adolescent; compilation of bibliographies of these particular ages; and how to prepare for and hold conferences with parents.

Student Teaching Twelve semester hours

This course includes supervised experiences in all the major respons- ibilities of a teacher. Special attention is given to selecting, planning, and guiding learning experiences of pupils in terms of educational principles and of the needs of the student and of the community.

72 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

General Psychology--Three hours per week Three semester hours

A comprehensive study of the origins, motives, and modifications of human behavior with emphasis on the scientific approval in analyzing be- havior patterns; the importance of man's biological inheritance, and the significance of social environment in influencing human living. Attention is given to the simpler techniques in psychological experimentation.

Educational Psychology and Evaluative Techniques -- Three hours per week Three semester hours

A study of the basic factors in the learning process with emphasis on the application of the principles of psychology to the problems of learning and teaching. An important aspect of the course is the study of actual classroom problems and procedures. The course is also designed to acquaint the student with: 1. Construction and use of informal objective tests, 2. Use of standard tests as guidance and instructional techniques, and 3. Statistical concepts and terminology necessary for selection of tests and interpretation of test results.

Mental Hygiene- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

A course in the dynamics of personal and social adjustment. Problems of personality and mechanisms of adjustment, including a study of the origin and solution of conflicts, and the role of emotion in the pattern of behavior.

Child Psychology- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

A course which aims to develop a functional understanding of the maturation and learning of children from birth to adolescence. The training school is used as a laboratory for the purpose of implementing the basic facts and principles relating to childhood growth and motivation.

Psychology of Adolescence- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

An intensive study of problems in adjustment and development during the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Special attention is focused upon inner drives and upon the influence of social pressures. It in- cludes a study of principles and facts of adolescent^ development which are useful to parents and teachers. Case studies are utilized.

Psychology of Exceptional Children— Three hours per week

Three semester hours A course dealing with the problems of exceptional or atypical children. Its major purpose is to gain a functional understanding of the various types of psychological and physical deviates, both as concerns the genesis of their behavior processes, their treatment, and the guiding principles involved in their training.

ENGLISH

1. Communications I and II--Five hours per week for two semesters

Ten semester hours

Practice in mastering ideas of others, in expressing one's own thoughts in writing and speaking, and in developing ability to listen, observe, and demonstrate effectively.

There follow four traditional courses permitted as substitutes for course No. 1:

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 73

English I --Three hours per week Three semester hours

Review of grammar in detail, analysis of constructions, functional practice, remedial drill in punctuation, spelling, and mechanics of English; vocabulary study. Writing of brief compositions and analysis for structural faults and errors in diction.

English II--Three hours per week Three semester hours

Study and application of the laws of composition ; methods and types of exposition; description and narration. Paragraph and theme writing; analysis of literary samples; book reviewing; outlining; assembling bibliography. Continued functional practice in mechanics. Pre-requisite : English I.

Speech I--Two hours per week Two semester hours

Study and application of fundamental principles of effective speak- ing; training in selection, organization, and development of material suitable for speeches; recording and analysis of voice; emphasis on personality adjustment as related to speaking-listening situation; dia- critical marking and vocabulary building. Required of all students.

Speech II- -Two hours per week Two semester hours

Continuation of Speech I with sepcial emphasis on group dis- cussion and parliamentary procedure; expository, narrative, and des- criptive material; speeches for special occasions; interpretative or choral reading. Required of all students.

World Culture I and II--Two hours per week for two semesters

(Composite course with History of Civilization) Four semester hours

Study of relationships between social and historical movements and the arts, literary and otherwise, emanating therefrom; developing realization of one's personal responsibility for fostering world citizenship based on interdependence of all people

General Literature I and II--Two hours per week for two semesters (Alternate course for World Culture I and II.) Four semester hours

Introduction to literature as expression of personal and social experience which fosters international understanding; appreciation of interdependence of nations through study of selected literary works of peoples, including our own.

Advanced Composition—Three hours per week Three semester hours

Improvement of writing style of those specializing in English; develop- ment of creative propensities; practice in expository, descriptive, and argu- mentative writing through reviews, critical reports, term papers, and the like. Encouragement toward publication of worthy prose and verse.

English Philology and Grammar—Three hours per week

Three semester hours

Scientific and historic study of English language, including its origin, development and laws. Review of grammar and sentence structure as re- late] to language in development.

74 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA

Recent Trends in the Teaching of English- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

Introduction to professional requirements, opportunities, and specialized problems of English instruction; trends in practice in theory. Student teach- ing background is afforded through: (1) exploring literature of the field — library project; (2) planning lessons and observing teaching; (3) participating in class projects under supervision.

English Literature--Three hours per week Three semester hours

Survey of English literature from Anglo-Saxon times to present; emphasis on notable masterpieces, particularly contemporary samples. Basic aims: broader knowledge of English literature as related to times and movements and increased appreciation.

American Literature—Three hours per week Three semester hours

Survey of American literature, with social implications, from colonial times to present, readings from major American authors, with emphasis on contemporary writing. Students are urged to examine the literature of their own country with thought, understanding, and appreciation.

Contemporary Poetry- -Three hours per week OR Two hours per week Three semester hours Two semester hours

Introduction to poetry of England and America since 1870; trends in modern poetry; anatomy of verse. Reviews on representative poets and their works.

Short Story—Three hours per week OR Two hours per week

Three semester hours Two semester hours

Short story as a literary form; theme stuff, writers' philosophies, psy- chological implications; technical features. Outstanding works of American, British, and continental story tellers; narratives of particular value in secondary schools. Teaching connections with composition and other liter- ature.

Essay- -Three hours per week OR Two hours per week

Three semester hours Two semester hours

Development of essay from Montaigne to twentieth century; its place in modern literature; study of French, English, and American essays, to reveal spirit of their age and authors' personal idiosyncrasies.

Journalism—Three hours per week OR Two hours per week

Three semester hours Two semester hours

Introduction to journalism. Problems of selection, preparation, and submission of news; information for advisers of junior and senior high school newpapers and magazines.

Shakespeare- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

Study of Shakespeare's works and times; detailed consideration of cer- tain representative plays. Each student is required to prepare, as a model, a teaching plan for one play usually taught in high school.

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Novel to 1870--Three hours per week Three semester hours

Rise and development of English and American novel from predecessors of Defoe to Hardy and Twain; analysis of types. Reviews and analysis of major novels.

Contemporary Novel—Three hours per week Three semester hours

English and American novel from 1870 to present; modern and con- temporary movements in fiction; reading of as many novels with anyalysis as time permits.

Modern Drama—Three hours per week Three semester hours

Historical background, biographical data, and modern methods of theater and play from Ibsen to present.

Eighteenth Century Literature- Three hours per week OR Two hours per week Three semester hours Two semester hours

Consideration of English life and literature between 1660 and 1800, especially rise and descent of neo-classicism and approach to romaticism.

Romantic Movement— Three hours per week OR Two hours per week

Three semester hours Two semester hours

Literature from rise of romanticism in later eighteenth century to begin- nings of Victorianism; emphasis on poetry and criticism from 1798 to 1832; influences descending to present.

Victorian Literature— Three hours per week OR Two hours per week Three semester hours Two semester hours

Treatment of Victorian literary figures and their works against social and political background of times; influences descending to present.

Pre-Shakespearean Literature- Three hours per week OR Two hours per week Three semester hours Two semester hours

Seminar in English literature from Anglo-Saxon times to 1590, with reference to chronicle, metrical romance, ballad, Chaucer and his contem- poraries. Emergence of drama; Arthurian legend; introduction to Spencer; important prose of times; Shakespeare's predecessors and contemporaries in playwriting.

World Literature— Three hours per week Three semester hours

Study of principal literary classics of world in translation, from ancients to moderns. An attempt is made to win international understanding by recognizing indebtedness of English and American letters to various world cultrues.

76 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Creative Writing—Three hours per week OR Two hours per week

Three semester hours Two semester hours

Practice in such types of writing as verse, editorial, essay, short story, and other fiction. Advice on submitting manuscripts for publication. Tech- niques of teaching creative writing in the secondary school.

Criticism —Three hours per week OR Two hours per week

Three semester hours Two semester hours

Study of notable critical works from Aristotle to present, with emphasis on continuity of critical concepts.

Literature of Biography— Three hours per week OR Two hours per week

Three semester hours Two semester hours

Study of historical development of biographical writing; readings from standard and contemporary biographers, such as Carlyle, Macaulay, Strachey, and Sandburg.

Children's Literature and Story Telling— Three hours per week

Three semester hours

History of sources of juvenile literature. Technique of story telling; means of developing child's interests; useful materials for beginning teachers.

FOREIGN LANGUAGES French I. --Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course includes pronunciation, conversation and elementary French Grammar. Stress is placed on accurate grammatical constructions, by use of French to English translations as well as English to French translations. Conversation is stressed in class and each student is urged to use the language as much as possible in class.

French II— Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course is a continuation of French I with special stress on irregular verbs and the construction of tenses.

French HI— Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course includes a review of French grammar with special emphasis on all the more common irregular verbs and idioms. Attention is given to correct pronunciation and reading aloud in French. The aim of the course is to provide a good background for future work in French. Pre-requisite : two years of high school French or equivalent.

French TV- -Three hour per week

Three semester hours

A continuation of French I with emphasis on the Subjunctive Mood and advanced composition.

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French V and VI--Survey of Literature—Each course:

Three hours per week ' Three semester hours

Selected readings from authors whose works throw light upon current problems of social living. Form and oral expression are taught in the frame- work of the literature read. Prerequisite: French IV.

French VII--Advanced Language and Techniques- Three hours per week Three semester hours

Emphasis is placed not only on the ability to speak and write for foreign language, but on the techniques necessary for the foreign language teacher. Prerequisite: French IV.

French VIII— French Classical Drama— Three hours per week

Three semester hours

The masterpieces of Corneille, Moline, and Racine are read, after a consideration of the early history of the drama. Prerequisite: French IV.

French IX— French Literature of the Nineteenth Century- Three hours per week Three semester hours

This includes the development of both the romantic and naturalistic schools. Prerequisite: French IV.

French X— Development of the French Novel— Three hours per week

Three semester hours

Representative novels from eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth century are read and discussed in the native language. Prerequisite: French IV.

LATIN

Latin I, Ovid and Virgil- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

A course in Latin poetry of the Augustan age. Some of Ovid's musical verses are read that best reveal poetry in lighter view enjoyed by the fashion- able Romans of the day. For the students who have read Virgil's "Aeneid" portions of the Bucolics and "Georgies" are chosen for the second half of the course. The "Bucolics" are devoted to the current political events of the age and the "Georgies" consist of didatic poems on agriculture subjects.

Latin II, Livy- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

The reading of Books I, XXI, XXII to develop the student's interest in the legendary and early history of Rome. The course aims to acquaint the student with the lives and characters of the leading men who helped to shape her destiny. A study is made of Livy's style as a historian and his ability to portray vivid historical and dramatic scenes.

Latin III, Cicero's De Senectute, De Amicitia— Three hours per week

Three semester hours

A literary study of the essay as a distinctive type of Roman literature. The main purpose of the course is to develop increased ability to read Latin, to master the vocabulary and syntax of Cicero, and to acquaint the student with the philosophy of the Roman as it is revealed in Cicero's discussion of old age and friendship

78 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Latin IV, Horace Odes and Epodes--Three hours per week

Three semester hours

The purpose of this course is to read and appreciate the poetry of Horace, one of the representative poets of the Augustan age and a personal friend of the emperor. Special emphasis is placed upon Horace's imagery, artistry, humor and philosophy of life. A comparison with other poets of the day is made, and the attention of the student is directed to the ideas of Horace prevailing in contemporary verse.

Latin V, Plautus and Terence- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

A course in Roman comedy belonging to the early days of the Republic. In addition to the reading of plays, a study of the development of the Roman drama is made with frequent reports on the theatre, actors, and dramatic plots. Attention is directed to the forms and syntax of the early Republican

Latin VI, Roman Civilization --Three hours per week Three semester hours

A study of the civilization of the Romans from the beginning of her history through the Empire Period. Attention is given to the myths and private life of the Romans as well as to her legislative and political institu- tions which led to her conquest of the world. Rome's contribution to the world civilization is studied and facts are investigated that are of special value to the prospective teacher of Latin.

SPANISH

Spanish I--Beginners' Spanish—Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course includes pronunciation, conversation and elementary Spanish Grammar. Stress is placed on accurate grammatical constructions, by use of Spanish to English translations as well as English to Spanish translations. Conversation is stressed in class and each student is urged to use the language as much as possible in class.

Spanish II--Beginners' Spanish—Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course is a continuation of Spanish I with special stress on irregular verbs, the construction of tenses and the Subjunctive Mood.

Spanish III--Coversational Spanish- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course deals only with spoken Spanish. The entire class is conducted in the vernacular with stress on grammatical correctness.

Spanish IV- -Intermediate Spanish Grammar- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

A review of elementary grammar with special emphasis on irregular verbs, orthographic and radical changing verbs.

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Spanish V--Spanish Literature—Three hours per week

Three semester hours

Study of outstanding writers and literary movements. Activities include supplementary reading, oral and written reports and critiques. Prerequisite: Spanish IV.

Spanish VI--Spanish-American Literature- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

Study of outstanding writers and literary movements. Activities include supplementary reading, oral and written reports and critiques. Prerequisite: Spanish IV.

Spanish VII--The Short Story in Spain and America—Three hours per week Three semester hours

A survey of the cultivation of the genre. There are readings from the works of Pardo Bazan, Valle Inclan, Juan Valera, Jose Ruben Romero, Rafel Delgando, Horacio Quiroga, Roberto Payro, and others. The work includes oral and written reports and critiques. Prerequisite: Spanish IV.

Spanish VIII— The Novel in Spain and America— Three hours per weeks

Three semester hours

A study of the development of the novel. Representative types such as the picaresque novel, the psychological novel, the novel of social thesis, the regional novel, and the historical novel are analyzed. There are readings from Cervantes, Le Sage, Valera, Pereda, Galdos, Blasco Ibanez, Baroja, Alarcon, Palacio Valdes, Lopez y Fuentes, Azuela, Galvez, Gallegos, and others. The work includes oral and written reports and critiques. Prerequisite: Spanish IV.

Spanish IX-- The Drama in Spain and America— Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This is a review of the history of the theatre and various dramatic forms such as the classic drama of the "siglo de oro," the romantic movement, the realistic theatre, and the genero chico. There are readings from Lope de Vega Calderon, Tirso de Molia, Echegaray, Rivas Juana Inez de la Cruze, Alarcon Menaventa, Los Quinteros, Arniches, Florencio Sanchez, and others. This course includes oral and written reports, critiques, and dramatic read- ings. Prerequisite: Spanish IV.

Spanish X- -Mexican Literature- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course is a chronological survey of outstanding works in the prose and poetry of Mexico, pointed toward clarification of Mexican history and contemporary writings. The work includes oral and written reports and critiques Prerequisite: Spanish IV.

Spanish XI — Intensive Grammar and Teaching Techniques- Three hours per week Three semester hours

Emphasis is placed on the ability to write and speak the foreign language through intensive study of the structure of the language.

80 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Spanish XII— Advanced Conversation and Composition- Three hours per week Three semester hours

Development of facility in using the everyday language in both oral and written communication with people to whom the language is native.

GEOGRAPHY

World Geography— Three hours per week Three semester hours

The purpose of this course is to develop a knowledge and appreciation of patterns of climate, soil, vegetation, and man's adjustment to them, with special emphasis upon man's economic and cultural responses.

Geography of Pennsylvania and the United States—

Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course gives a comprehensive treatment of the adjustment of the people of Pennsylvania and the United States to the physical factors — structure, relief, climate, vegetation, soils, and natural resources — which help to explain the distribution of population, land use, products, and trade within the United States and with other parts of the world. Prerequisite: World Geography.

Cartography— Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course is designed primarily to enable the geography major to attain proficiency in the use and interpretation of maps, models, globes, cartograms, and geographic diagrams. The selected map projections will be approached from the geographical rather than the mathematical point of view. The history of maps, the development of signs, symbols, and map scales, the construction of projections, graphs, and diagrams; and the ap- plication of each of these to the teaching of geography will be stressed. Pre- requisite: World Geography.

Climatology— Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course is primarily concerned with the climatic regions of the earth, and the limitations and advantages they offer for man's occupancy. The course is a valuable aid to students in world problems. Prerequisite: World Geography.

Commercial Air Transportation— Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course studies development of commercial aviation. Policies such as governmental agreements, subsidies, control and use of air bases, the importance of Polar regions, and the Great Circle air routes are considered. The course may be used as an elective in Aeronautic Education. Prerequisite: World Geography.

Conservation of Natural Resources- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course deals with the present problems in the conservation of our national resources of land, water, plant, animal life, and mineral deposits, ways of solving these problems, and the wise use of these resources.

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Economic Geography- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course develops an understanding of world patterns of producing and consuming regions, population distribution, and world trade routes and the related natural factors. It also deals with the application of this information on securing a fundamental understanding of national and inter- national problems.

Field Courses in Geography--Three hours per week Three semester hours

These courses, which involve the study of selected areas through the agency of travel and actual investigation, are arranged from time to time to suit the needs of the student groups. Prerequisite: World Geography.

Geographic Influences in History- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course is a study of the relationship of the natural geographic factors in the settlement, development, and progress of various countries — with the major emphasis placed upon the United States. Prerequisite: World Geography and Geography of United States.

Geography of Asia- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course comprises a study of the major geographic regions of the Soviet Union, Southwestern Asia, and India. Special emphasis is placed on natural resources and their use, the peoples; their number and distribution, their culture and recent cultural changes, strategic areas, and related political problems.

Geography of Africa and Australia- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This is a regional study of Africa, Australia, and the neighboring islands showing the economic and social development of the regions of these lands and their relationship to the physical environment and the political affilia- tions of these lands with other countries. The geographic aspects of the problems of colonies, land tenure, race, future land use, and the strategic importance of Africa are considered, Prerequisite: World Geography.

Geography of Europe- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

The aim of this regional course is to help acquire an ability to look for, find, and apply the geographic relationships underlying land uses, dominant international problems, boundary disputes, thus enabling students to obtain an unbiased understanding of the economic problems of Europe. The Soviet Union is not included in this course. Prerequisite: World Geography.

Geography of the Far East- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course includes a study of Japan, China, the Philippines, South- eastern Asia, and the East Indies and comprises an intensive investigation of the natural factors and man's adjustment to them in the geographic, economic, and political regions of Eastern Asia. The geographic background needed in planning solutions for raising standards of living, for the wise use and restoration of natural resources, and the industrialization of countries is presented. Prerequisite: World Geography.

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Geography of Latin America- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

In this course a regional study is made of Middle and South America. Special emphasis is given to regional differences and similarities. Latin Amer- ican relations with other nations, especially with the United States, are stressed. Prerequisite: World Geography.

Geography of Pennsylvania --Three hours per week

Three semester hours

A regional approach to an understanding of the topographical features of the State, including land forms, drainage, climate, occupations, resources, present-day trends in conservation, and man's adjustment to these factors. Some time is given to the regional planning program which the Common- wealth is emphasizing. Field trips to nearby points of interest are an in- tegral part of this work. Prerequisite: World Geography, Geography of Pennsylvania and the United States.

Geography of United States and Canada- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course is a regional study of the United States and Canada relative to man's adjustments to his environment as determined by the physcal factors of climate, vegetation, relief and soils. Recognition of the political adjustments to the geographic environment and the interelations between the two countries and the rest of the world. Prerequisite: World Geography.

Physiography- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course consists of the study of various land forms, soils, and minerals, their origin, their changes, and their relation to man. Prerequisite: World Geography.

Meteorology—Three hours per week Three semester hours

Meteorology is a study of the atmosphere. This course analyzes the laws and underlying principles of atmospheric changes. An opportunity is given for students to become familiar with common weather instruments, to read and interpret weather maps, to observe and record weather data, and discuss problems rising from the use of the atmosphere as a medium of travel and transportation. Prerequisite: World Geography.

Teaching Geography in Secondary Schools- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course is an intensive study of the modern techniques of teaching geography, geographic materials, and current curricula in geography. Em- phasis is placed upon the contribution of geography to the solving of national and world problems; the skills, habits, and attitudes to be gained from geo- graphy courses in the junior and senior high schools which aid in the develop- ment of world citizenship, the courses suitable for such groups and the new books available at this level.

Trade and Transportation- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course includes a study of transportation routes, ports, railroad centers, hinterlands, and trade relations between production areas and countries.

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World Problems in Geography- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This course considers some of the world problems which need a geographic background for understanding and solving them. Attention is given to boundary questions, the value and control of colonies, fishery agreements, problems concerning commercial aviation, world trade, the feeding of the world, control and development of natural resources, the making of the peace, and similar topics. Prerequisite: World Geography.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Health Education—Two hours per week Two semester hours

Consideration is given to the physical and mental equipment of the individual with the hope that practical application will be made in personal and community living. Prerequisite: None.

Physical Education I--Two hours per week One semester hour

The development and practice of skills and attitudes in seasonal activ- ities which may be carried on in college and after college life. Achievement tests are given to determine the needs of the student.

Physical Education II--Two hours per week One Semester hour

A continuation of physical education I with greater emphasis on active participation in activities learned in physical education I.

Physical Education III--Two hours per week One semester hour

Specialization in selected activities aimed to bring personal performance ability to advanced levels.

Teaching of Health and Physical Education-- Three hours per week

Two semester hours

Juniors in the Elementary Curriculum will take the Professional Cur- riculum in Teaching Health and Physical Education during one semester of the Junior year. The units are designed to present the meaning, aim, and scope of school health and physical education in the elementary schools.

The units cover: Healthful School Living, Health Service, Health In- struction, Elementary Grade Activities in Physical Education, Lesson Plan- ning and Practice Teaching.

LIBRARY SCIENCE

Reading Guidance and Book Selection Six semester hours

Evaluation and selection of books for various age groups in elementary grades and high school; history of children's books, methods of presenting Itoriee and book talks; methods of stimulating reader interest; the making of sample book orders.

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Books and Libraries as a Social Force--Three semester hours

This course is built upon a history of books and libraries with the pur- pose of preparing students to participate in program planning for community activities and the promoting of public library service. Essential features are the enrichment of their individual reading background in current liter- ature; familiarity with materials in adult education situations in which club programs are to be formulated through parent-teacher associations and other civic organizations.

Technical Process— Cataloging and Classification- -Four semester hours

Introduction to the principles of classification with emphasis on the Dewey Decimal Classification; study of the purpose of the card catalog and adaptation of general principles of cataloging to the users of the school library. Training will be given in making unit cards, adapting printed cards, and classifying of books in laboratory practice work.

Use of Reference Material- -Four Semester hours

Methods of reference service in a school library, selection and use of practical reference tools including encyclopedias, dictionaries, periodicals, indexes, atlases, handbooks, yearbooks, and reference aids on special subjects. The making of lists and annotated bibliographies will be required.

Organization, Administration, and Observation of School Libraries--

Eight semester hours

The place of the library in the school ; relation to principles of education ; relation to other types of libraries; objectives; organization and procedures for library service in city and rural schools; county elementary, junior and senior high schools, administrative problems, mechanical processes; finances; library quarters and equipment; observation and practice in well organized libraries.

Curriculum Enrichment Materials for Junior and Senior High Schools and Teaching use of Books and Libraries- -Five Semester hours

Acquaintance with library materials in relation to modern trends in the curriculum, and ways in which the teacher and school library can co- operate in using these materials to enrich classroom activities. Current courses of study will be examined and used as a basis for units of subject matter integration in the fields of the sciences, arts and social sciences; em- phasis on all forms of book materials relating to units developed in classroom activities. Methods of introducing books and libraries to students in the schools. Various manuals will be examined and appraised in relation to modern teaching methods. Integration of library instruction with other subject courses will be considered in planning units of work. Students will present lessons in the laboratory school.

MATHEMATICS

Fundamentals of Mathematics- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

Development of the number system; nature and application of funda- mental processes; extension of the number system to include common and

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decimal fractions and negative numbers; approximate nature of measure- ments; per cents; language of algebra including formulas, graphs, tables, and equations; meaning of proof; elementary concepts of statistics; art of indirect measurement; additional topics of interest to students.

College Algebra I --Three hours per week Three semester hours

Fundamental operations, factoring; fractions; exponents; functions and their graphs, linear, quadratic, and systems of equations; proportion and variation; progressions; mathematical induction; logarithms, determin- ants; permutations and combinations. Prerequisites: 1 year high school algebra and 1 year high school geometry.

Trigonometry- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

Function of an angle, logarithms, use of tables; radians; identities; trigonometric and exponential equations; solution of triangles by natural functions and logarithms; inverse functions; complex numbers, application of all processes in practical problems.

Analytic Geometry—Three hours per week Three semester hours

Correlation of algebra and geometry in finding equations of loci and loci corresponding to certain equations; properties of the straight line, the circle and conic sections; rectangular and polar coordinates; transformation of coordinates; parametric equations, a brief introduction to three dimensions. Prerequisites: College Algebra I and Trigonometry.

Calculus I— Three hours per week Three semester hours

Elementary concepts of limits and the derivative; applications of the derivative in problems of maxima and minima, rates, velocity, acceleration; possible introduction of integration as the inverse of differentiation. Pre- requisite: Analytic Geometry.

Calculus II--Three hours per week Three semester hours

Integration as the inverse of differentiation; formulas of integration; the definite integral; methods of integration, integration as the limit of a sum applied to areas, volumes, lengths of curves and other practical problems. Pre-requisite: Calculus I.

Synthetic Geometry- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

Extenstion of competency in geometry; modern problems of the triangle and the circle; further development of rigorous proof; constructions based on loci and indirect elements; non-eucledean geometry. Prerequisites: High school plane geometry.

Statistics— Three hours per week Three semester hours

Basic principles and methods of statistics common to scientific research, understanding of and ability to use graphs, frequency distributions, measures of central tendency and dispersion, normal curve; correlation; regression and prediction; reliability of statistical measures; curve fitting; development of form 1 1 1; i ■

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Teaching of Mathematics in the Secondary School- -

Three hours per week Three semester hours

Place and function of mathematics in secondary education; content and the improvement and evaluation of instruction in mathematics; ac- quaintance with current literature and research; observation in secondary schools. Prerequisite: 9 hours of college mathematics.

Advanced College Algebra- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

Theory of equations; determinants; partial fractions; series; complex numbers; further development of permutations, combinations and prob- ability. Prerequisite: College Algebra I.

Field Work in Mathematics- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

Mathematics applied to the enrichment of secondary school mathe- matics. Use of the transit, angle mirror, hypsometer, sextant, and other measuring instruments; simple map making exercises and elementary sur- veying; construction and use of student-made instruments and teaching devices.

History of Mathematics- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

Study of the growth of mathematics through the centuries and the men who contributed to it, enrichment of the mathematical background of the students; integration of basic areas of mathematics. Prerequisite: Analytic Geometry.

Calculus III--Three hours per week Three semester hours

A continuation of the calculus to include series, additional work in partial differention, multiple integrals, and elemental differential equations. Prerequisite: Calculus II.

Mathematics of Finance—Three hours per week Three semester hours

Introduction to elementary theory of simple and compound interest with solution of problems in annuities, sinking funds, amortization, install- ment buying, mathematics of life insurance.

Spherical Trigonometry and Navigation --Three hours per week

Three semester hours

Solution of the right and oblique spherical triangles with emphasis on their practical application, especially in the field of navigation.

MUSIC

Introduction to Music Literature- -Three hours per week

Two semester hours

This course provides an orientation in music experience which aims to equip the prospective teacher with a knowledge and understanding of music as it relates to general education and the art of daily living. Through the use of recordings, radio, concerts, and other media, every possible contact is made with music. The possibility of correlation with other subjects is expolored. This course is required of all sophomores in general education. No prerequisite courses or special abilities are required.

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Fundamentals of Music--Two hours per week No semester hours

This course is given to all students of the Elementary Curriculum who do not meet the prescribed requirements of a Standard Achievement Test in Music and who are unable to sing a simple melody in tune. Fundamentals of Music includes the study of intervals, tetrachords, and scales, measure and key signatures, simple and compound rhythms, notation and termin- ology, simple chord patterns (written and keyboard), simple melodic and harmonic dictation. Prerequisite to: The Teaching of Music in the Primary Grades.

Music for the Elementary Grades- -Two hours per week

Two semester hours

This course is required of all students of the Elementary Curriculum. It is designed to equip graduates of the Elementary Curriculum to teach music in the primary grades. Fundamentals are reviewed, keyboard facility and the child's voice are studied, together with the five-fold music program of Kindergarten through grade three. Observation with participation is a vital part of the classroom procedure. Prerequisite: Fundamentals of Music.

Teaching of Music in the Elementary Grades—Four hours per week

Three semester hours

This course continues the five-fold music program in grades four, five, and six. Type lessons are taught by the students and constructively evalu- ated by class and teacher. Prerequisite: Teaching of Music in the Primary Grades.

SCIENCE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Basic Biology--Four hours per week Three semester hours

A course to acquaint students with the place of living things in their environment. It will illustrate how living things are classified, how they develop and maintain their kind, how they react to their environment, how they can be improved, and the necessity for controlling or conserving those which affect man's welfare. Two hours lecture and two laboratory or field trip hours weekly.

General Botany I—Six hours per week Four semester hours

A study chiefly of the flowering plants. It considers the anatomy and life processes of plant cells, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and fruit. Stresses the economic importance of certain species and the recognition and classification of many of the seed plants in the area of the college. Two lectures and three laboratory or field trip hours weekly.

General Botany II--Six hours per week Four semester hours

A study chiefly of the non-flowering plants. It considers both the an- atomy and life processes of selected algae, bacteria, fungi, mosses, ferns and their allies. Emphasizes the economic importance and health implications of certain species of these groups. Stresses the recognition and classification of many of the non-flowering plants found in the area of the college. Two

res and three laboratory or field trip hours weekly. Prerequisite: General Botany I.

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General Zoology I--Six hours per week Four semester hours

A study of the origin, development, anatomy, physiology, life history, and habits of each phylum of the invertebrates. Attention is given to those vertebrates of economic importance to man. Acquaints students with many invertebrate species found in the area of the college. Two lectures and three laboratory or field trip hours weekly.

General Zoology II — Six hours per week Four semester hours

A study of the Chordates and especially the various classes of verte- brates. Stress is placed upon the anatomy, physiology, origin, and develop- ment of each class. Special attention is given to the vertebrates found in the area of the college, particularly the birds and mammals. Two lectures and three laboratory or field trip hours weekly. Prerequisite: Zoology I.

Ecology—Five hours per week Three semester hours

Considers plants and animals in relation to the environment in which they live. Special attention is given to plant and animal communities in Pennsylvania. Individual problems assigned. Two lectures and three labora- tory or field trip hours weekly. Prerequisites: 6 credits in Biology or Geog- raphy.

Genetics--Five hours per week Three semester hours

A study of the facts and theories of inheritance. The works of leading geneticists are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed upon modern methods used for the improvement of plants and animals with particular attention paid to the problems of human inheritance.

Vertebrate Anatomy- -Five hours per week Three semester hours

A course in mammalian anatomy designed for majors in Biology. Al- though the cat is used for lecture and laboratory work, considerable emphasis is given to comparisons with other vertebrate animals, especially man. Two lectures and one three-hour laboratory period weekly.

Physiology- -Five hours per week Three semester hours

A course designed to give the student a general background of how animals carry on their bodily processes with special emphasis upon human physiology. Two lectures and one three-hour laboratory period weekly. Prerequisites: Anatomy of Vertebrates and two semesters of General Chem- istry.

Field Botany- -Five hours per week Three semester hours

Methods useful in the study of plants in their natural surroundings. The use of keys, botanical manuals, and illustrated floras to identify living specimens will constitute a major activity. Among the desirable outcomes should be an acquaintance with non-cultivated plants as sources of emerg- ency or staple foodstuffs, fibers, lumber, pollen and nectar, as well as their invaluable importance to wildlife. Two lectures and one three-hour labora- tory or field trip period weekly.

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Ornithology- -Five hours per week Three semester hours

An introduction to the birds of Pennsylvania with emphasis upon identi- fication of birds in the field. Lectures deal with internal and external adapta- tions for aerial travel, classification, migration, habitats, plumage changes, nesting habits, and economic relations. Two lectures and three laboratory or field trip hours weekly.

Entomology--Five hours per week Three semester hours

A general study of insects including structure, physiology, classification, economic importance, and relationships. Each student is required to com- plete a project including a collection and a report on some group of insects. Two lectures and one three-hour laboratory or field trip period weekly. Pre- requisite: Zoology I.

Microbiology --Five hours per week Three semester hours

A study of microscopic forms of life with emphasis on the disease pro- ducing species of Man and his domesticated animals. Two lectures and three laboratory hours weekly. Prerequisite: two semesters of Biology and two semesters of General Chemistry.

Parasitology- -Five hours per week Three semester hours

Emphasis is placed upon the anatomy, physiology, life history, and habits of parasites primarily of Man and his domesticated animals. Special attention is given to parasitic worms and insects found in the area of the college. Two lectures and three laboratory or field trip hours weekly.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES

Inorganic Chemistry I--Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week Four semester hours

A course which includes a chemical study of the structure and behavior of matter and the modern theory of atomic structure. The gas laws, solutions, ionizations, acids, bases, and salts as well as the writing of equations and solving of problems are an integral part of the course.

Inorganic Chemistry II--Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week Four semester hours

A continuation of Chemistry I including the more fundamental con- cepts of nonmetals, reduction, and a study of the metals. Prerequisite: Chemistry I.

Qualitative Analysis—One class hour per week and six lab. hours per week

Three semester hours

A course in the study and practice of separating and identifying the cations and anions of the more common elements and radicals. Basic prin- ciples of qualitative analysis and applications are stressed.

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Quantitative Analysis—One class hour per week and six lab. hours per week

Three semester hours

An introductory course presenting methods of gravimetric, volumetric, colorimetric, potentiometric, and electrometric analysis. Quantitative cal- culations and relations are stressed.

Organic Chemistry — Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week Four semester hours

A study of the hydrogen compounds of carbon of the aliphatic series with emphasis on structural relationships and nomerlclature as well as on properties, uses, and characteristic properties.

Organic Chemistry II--Two class hours per week and three lab. hours per week Three semester hours

A continuation of Organic Chemistry I dealing with the amines and proteins and those compounds belonging to the aromatic series.

Industrial Chemistry- -Two class hours per week and three lab. hours per week Three semester hours

This course deals with the application of theories, laws, and calculations of chemistry to industrial processes. An intensive study of at least one major industrial process is made by each student. The class work is supplemented by selected laboratory experiences and numerous trips to neighboring in- dustries.

Colloidal Chemistry- -Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week Three semester hours

A study of substances in the colloidal state with particular emphasis on methods of producing sols and gels, stabilizing them or preventing their formation, and interference in chemical procedures. The practical applica- tion to various industries, agriculture, medicine, weather, soils, and home and community life will be stressed. Prerequisite: Inorganic Chemistry.

Biological Chemistry—Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week Three semester hours

This course includes the study of the chemistry of proteins, carbo- hydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins, with the biological function of each. Digestive and metabolic changes are studied by laboratory tests and animal feeding experiments. Prerequisite: Organic Chemistry.

Physical Chemistry— Two class hours per week and three lab. hours per week Three semester hours

An introduction to the fundamental principles of theoretical chemistry with application in the solution of problems and training in the techniques of physical chemical measurements. Prerequisite: Inorganic Chemistry

Water Analysis— One class hour per week and three lab. hours per week

Two semester hours

The study and analysis of water for potable qualities and for use in industrial applications. The treatment for softening and elimination of in- dustrial contamination is emphasized.

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Chemistry of Food and Nutrition—Three class hours per week and three lab hours per week Three semester hours

The application of food and physiological chemistry to the nutrition of man; dietary studies, food requirements of persons of various ages and environmental conditions; energy metabolism, mineral requirements and utilization; the vitamins, their nature, function, and occurrences; effect of food on growth and well-being of man demonstrated by feeding experiments and laboratory animals. Prerequisite: General Chemistry.

Basic Physical Science --Two class hours per week and two lab. hours per week Three semester hours

This is a general course drawing its materials from the fields of astronomy, geology, chemistry and physics. A knowledge and appreciation of the methods and philosophy of science are major aims of the course.

Physics I--Mechanics and Sound— Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week Four semester hours

A study of work, power, efficiency, forces, motion, energy, momentum, and the properties of liquids and gases at rest and moving; the nature and velocity of sound and the physical basis of music.

Physics II--Heat, Light, and Electricity—Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week Four semester hours

A study of heat quantities and transmission, calorimetry, temperature, engines, and the mechanical equivalent of heat; the nature propogation, and velocity of light; Reflection, refraction, and diffraction; A study of mag- netism, electrostatics, current electricity and its effects, electromagnetism, and a brief introduction to modern physics.

Electricity and Magnetism— Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week Four semester hours

A study of D. C. and AC. circuits, motors, and dynamos. The trans- mission and use of electricity. Precise electrical measurements.

Mechanics— Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week

Four semester hours

A study of balanced and imbalanced forces and their effect on bodiesjby producing equilibrium or acceleration with emphasis on mathematical problems.

Heat-- Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week

Four semester hours

A study of temperature, expansion, specific heat, convection, conduction, radiation, gas laws, kinetic theory, change of state, isothermal and adiabatic changes, and the measurement and control of high and low temperatures.

Electronics— Two class hours per week and three lab hours per week

Three semester hours

A study dealing with the electron, including the charge, emission, and velocity of the electron. Fundamentals of vacuum tubes and their circuits and the use of tubes in communications and industry.

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Optics--Two class hours per week and three lab. hours per week

Three semester hours

A study of the principles of geometrical and physical optics, spectro- scopy, and photometry.

Sound--Two class hours per week and three lab. hours per week

Three semester hours

Theory of vibrations. Sources, recording, nature, transmission, reception and measurement of sound. Technical applications.

Physical Measurements- -Three lab. hours per credit hour — 1, 2, or 3 credits.

A study of the theory and practice of precise physical measurements.

SOCIAL STUDIES

World Culture- -Three hours per week for two semesters Six semester hours

An integrated survey course presenting the origin, development and influence of the governmental and social organization, economic activity, religious belief and practice, literature and fine arts as they have contributed to our modern civilization. It deals with broad sweeping movements rather than details of the individual state or nation. Emphasis is placed on the conflict between ideas and systems of thought and practice through which the various aspects of modern life developed. The first semester covers the period from the early civilization to approximately 1800. The second semester is concerned with the modern period.

United States and Pennsylvania History I --Three hours per week

Three semester hours

A survey course in the history of the United States and Pennsylvania from 1865 to the present. Stress is placed on the impact of the Industrial Revolution on our society, the growth of the labor world power, our part in World Wars I and II and the activities of our nation on behalf of inter- national organization.

American Government- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

A study of the general principles of the American system of consti- tutional government; special emphasis is placed upon the organization and functions of the national government — legislative .executive, and judicial; on the rights and duties of citizenship, the electorate,political parties, civil rights and the growing regulatory functions of government are carefully treated.

Principles of Economics- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

A study of such fundamentals as production, exchange, distribution and consumption. Major topics are: wages, interest, rent, profits, price determ- ination, money and banking and foreign trade. Some attention is given to national income approach.

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Principles of Sociology—Three hours per week Three semester hours

This is a basic course in sociology dealing with the interaction arising from the association of human beings. Emphasis is placed upon natural and social heritage, the meaning and functions of culture, the origin, function, and characteristics of social institutions, such as the family, religion, and and the state: with inquiry into the nature and genesis of social pathology. Attention will also be directed toward social controls and inertia of group moves.

American Citizenship- -Six hours per week Six semester hours

A course which deals with the evolution of the Constitution of the United States through amendment.legislative and judicial interpretation and custom. Broad principles of government as related to citizenship are stressed with duties, rights, privileges, and responsibilities of the individual given major consideration.

Contemporary Economic and Social Problems—Three hours per week

Three semester hours This course consists of a study of certain of our more crucial present day problems such as: labor relations, money and banking, social waste, the family, crime and delinquency, race relations, international trade, gov- ernment regulation and the individual's responsibility as a citizen of the world .

Home and Family Living- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course deals with the development of the family and the home of its historical, economic and legal aspects. The various factors influencing the organization, disorganization and reorganization of the family are con- sidered, as well as the modern trends in this basic institution.

History of Pennsylvania— Three hors per week Three semester hours

A study of the founding and development of Pennsylvania from its colonial beginnings to the present time. Emphasis is placed on the social, economic and political developments in the different periods of its history. Special attention is given to the diversity of the people, their institutions and problems and the growth of Pennsylvania to a leading position in our modern industrial world.

History of Europe— Three hours per week Three semester hours

A study of the development of the social, economic, political, religious and cultural experiences of the European people emphasizing the cause and effect of interrelation and interdependence of both people and events that are basic to understanding the fundamental forces that lead to modern life.

History of Europe since 1815— Three hours per week

Three semester hours A comprehensive study of the factors contributed by the European people in their national organization through their political, social and economic activities. The understanding of the casual and intergroup relation- ships are essentially basic to analysis and interpretations of the difficulties facing the European world today.

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History of England- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course traces the growth of the people and institutions of England from the conquest by the Anglo-Saxons to the present. The emphasis is placed on the development of these factors that gave rise to the struggle and events that culminated in the establishment of democratic principles and organizations in our modern world.

Twentieth Century World History- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

The significance of events in the present century is brought out in this course by a study of the growth of capitalism, imperialism, totalitarianism, international jealousies, World Wars I and II, and the attempts of the family of nations to find world peace through international understanding.

Diplomatic History of the United States- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

The course is primarily intended for the majors interested in a broader international background of the United States. Special emphasis is placed on a study of our foreign relations from the beginning of our national history to the present. Such aspects as the growth and influence of a policy of "iso- lation", the creation and development of the Monroe Doctrine, the changing position of the United States as a world power, and the problems incident to the assumption of the resulting responsibilities.

International Relations 1919 to the Present- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours This course emphasizes the modern economic, social, political, religious and cultural problems that reflect their influence of international relation- ships of the nations of the world using the United States as the point of departure. Special attention is paid to the struggle of the people through their representatives in international conferences and organizations to resolve their differences.

History of Latin America—Three hours per week Three semester hours The course surveys the development of the Latin American countries from the period of discovery to the present. The economic, social, political and cultural areas receive special attention first as domestic problems then as they are related to the various political units involved. The influence of European and American relations as they are reflected in local changes are given consideration.

The Rennaissance to Reformation—Three hours per week

Three semester hours A study of the Rennaissance and Reformation with particular emphasis on the important political, economic, social, and cultural forces that emerged during this period of transition and ushered in the modern western culture. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of national states and the rise of in- dividualism.

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History of the Middle East and India—Three hours per week

Three semester hours

A study of the various civilizations that developed in this area with regard to the economic, political, social and cultural contributions as they influenced both oriental and accidental achievements. Special emphasis is placed on the modern aspects of their relation to world knowledge and to problems of current international interest.

History of the Far East- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

A study of the development of the people of China, Japan, Indonisia and the Pacific Islands. Attention is given to their cultures and develop- mental problems as they are related to each other and to the Occident.

Consumer Education- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course is designed to develop techniques and methods which will enable the buyer to evaluate, on a quality and price basis, the myriad goods sold in the modern market place. Among the matters considered are the following: installment buying, choice of the product, insurance, advertising, etc.

Municipal Government--Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course deals with the history, organization, structure and function of the major types of city government in the United States. Consideration is given to the development of modern administrative techniques and methods as they apply to municipalities. The prevailing forms of government and administrations used by boroughs and townships in Pennsylvania are sur- veyed .

Comparative Government- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

In this course major attention is given to Great Britain and Soviet Russia as best representing, among foreign governments, the democratic and authoritarian systems. Brief consideration is given to the governments of France, Italy, Germany, and Japan. Frequent comparisons and contrasts are drawn between these governments and governments in the United States.

SPEECH

Communications I and II--Two hours per week for two semesters

Four semester hours

Practice in mastering ideas of others, expressing one's own thoughts effectively in writing and speaking, developing ability to listen and observe.

OR Speech I~Two hours per week Two semester hours

This course includes the study and application of the fundamental principles of effective speaking; training in the selection, organization and development of materials suitable for speeches; recording and analysis of voice; personality adjustment as related to speaking-listening situation; diacritical marking, and vocabulary building.

96 STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE

Speech II Two hours per week Two semester hours

A continuation of Speech I with special emphasis on group dis- cussion, parliamentary procedure, speeches for special occasions, ex- pository, narrative and descriptive materials; interpretative or choral reading.

Phonetics and Voice- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

An analysis of the speech sounds used in English so that student de- velops auditory acuity and correct reproduction of sounds; transcriptions of spoken material using I. P. A. system; comparison of phonetic alphabet and diacritical marking system; study of structure and function of speech organs; voice improvement; applied phonetics for speech correction.

Speech Correction- -Three hours per etk Three semester hours

Designed to train prospective tea 3 to care for defective speech in the classroom and to make educators a.aJ society cognizant of the increasing need for a definite speech education program in our public schools. A study of speech sounds, speech mechanisms, symptoms, causes, and treatment of minor speech, voice, and hearing disorders.

Oral Interpretation- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

Emphasizes the understanding and appreciation of literature through developing skill in reading aloud. Help given in selecting, adapting and preparing literature for presentation. Special attention given to reading materials required of the classroom teacher.

Play Production—Three hours per week Three semester hours

An introductory course in the theory and practice of all phases of play production, designed to stimulate the cultural and social development of the Student and to aid the prospective teacher to produce plays. Emphasis upon the directing of the play.

Stagecraft and Scenic Design and Lighting --Three hours per week

Three semester hours

The technical study of stage mechanics, construction and painting of scenery, lighting.

Debate, Group Discussion, and Parliamentary Procedure- -

Three hours per week Three semester hours

A study of the theory and practice of debate, principles and methods of patterns of group discussion, rules and procedures in Parliamentary Law.

Radio I--Three hours per week Three semester hours

This course combines lecture and workshop, deals with radio as a re- source for the classroom teacher; utilizes live programs, transcriptions and recordings; presents problems of equipment, use, maintenance and oper- operation of school radio workshop.

CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 97

Radio II--Three hours per week Three semester hours

Additional practium in radio production. Practice in attaining skill in microphone techniques and in preparing scripts for routine and special occasions.

Creative Dramatics and Story Telling—Three hours per week

Three semester hours

This is a course in the technique and practice of story telling, dramatic play, and dramatization for teachers of the kindergarten and elementary grades.

Costume and Make -up --Three hours per week Three semester hours

The history of costume; designing, dyeing and sewing of clothes for production; selection of materials, making of costume plates, materials and techniques in make-up.

Choral Speaking- -Three hours per week Three semester hours

Choral speaking aims through the communal voicing of poetry to stim- ulate appreciation, interpretation, and artistic expression of poetry to dem- onstrate the educational and social values of unison speech, and to train choral leaders in the technique of choir conducting and in the selection and treatment of materials.

Community Dramatics and Pageants- -Three hours per week

Three semester hours

A study of the theory and practical problems in stage movement and business, lighting, costume and make-up. Material is presented from the standpoint of the director of pageants in schools, on playgrounds, in camps, and community projects.

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JLARION, PA